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1.
Tarô Adati Shinichi Kato Wataru Toriumi Kei Kawazu Wayan Susila Ketut Sumiartha Gede Suastika Dadang I Made Samudra 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2013,48(2):113-118
The efficacy of synthetic female sex pheromone lures for Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the cabbage fields of Java and Bali, Indonesia, was investigated by varying the composition and dosage of the components. The lure containing a synthetic pheromone blend of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11–16: Ac) and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14: Ac) at a 10:1 ratio acquired significantly more male catches than single component lures and the control lure. Meanwhile, no attraction was observed when lures with 1:1 and 1:10 blends were tested. The composition of Z11–16: Ac and Z9–14: Ac at a ratio of 5, 10 and 20:1 attracted more males than the control lures. Dosage studies showed that 0.055 and 0.55 mg of a mixture of Z11–16: Ac and Z9–14: Ac (10:1 ratio) attracted more males than the control. These results are the first demonstration of the efficacy of synthetic pheromone for C. pavonana in field conditions. The present study suggests the feasibility of pheromone-based monitoring as a simple and low-cost technique for integrated pest management of this pest. 相似文献
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Manggur, which means to plane down or sharpen, is a manual process in producing copper blades of Balinese gamelan orchestra. The craftsmen of Manggur work 6 to 8 hours a day, sitting on the floor with folded legs and hunched back. Because the craftsmen often complain about musculoskeletal problems after having completed a full day work, an ergonomic intervention was made by changing their usual working posture (the first working posture) into working on tables while sitting on chairs for one hour and alternately standing for half an hour (the second working posture). Treatment by subject design was applied to 22 randomly chosen craftsmen. Resting heart rate and working heart rate were measured by using a stopwatch, and the number of musculoskeletal complaints were recorded with Nordic Body Map Questionnaire. As a result, the second working posture caused significant reductions in working heart rate, work pulse (the difference between working heart rate and resting heart rate) and the number of musculoskeletal complaints. These results suggest that the change of working posture in manggur decreases cardiovascular load and musculoskeletal strain among Balinese gamelan craftsmen. 相似文献
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Susceptibility of juvenile humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis to the grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (GSDIV) was examined. GSDIV-containing inocula for challenge were obtained using a filtrate of spleen tissues from donor fish (orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides) infected with GSDIV. Groups injected with the primary filtrate showed lower mortalities (30 to 60%) than groups receiving the 10(-4) diluted inoculum (90 to 100% mortality). This result was contrary to the expectation that fish challenged with a higher concentration of virus would show higher mortality. Electron microscopy revealed that moribund fish receiving the 10(-4) diluted inoculum displayed massive formation of typical inclusion body-bearing cells (IBCs) containing an intracytoplasmic inclusion body with many virions in the 180-200 nm size range propagated within a virus assembly site. In contrast, survivors in fish receiving the primary filtrate showed the formation of unusual IBCs containing an abnormal inclusion body that was characterized by the assembly of a small number of deformed virions. This impaired virus assembly appeared to prevent mortality in the challenged fish and was assumed to be due to an interferon-like effect of a previously unknown substance that was passed on to the challenged fish with the tissue filtrate from the donor fish. 相似文献
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This paper focuses on traditional healers (balian)in Bali, Indonesia, to raise new argumentsconcerning the nature of the initiatory sufferingsreportedly experienced by shamans in many cultures.Our evidence suggests that a) contrary to ourexpectations, an initiatory madness or illness isexperienced by a minority rather than the majority ofbalian, and b) whether or not a balian undergoesinitiatory sufferings seems to be linked to gender andto the methods of healing employed – thus womenhealers who employ trance possession are those mostlikely to report an initiatory madness or illness.This leads to the central argument of the paper: c)the nature of the initiatory sufferings, where they dooccur, can be clearly distinguished on several groundsfrom the onset of mental illness among Balinese, bothemically in terms of cultural understandings, andetically in terms of objective criteria. Finally wediscuss the concept of ``autonomous imagination,'suggesting that the key to becoming a balian is notovercoming an initiatory madness but gaining controlover this special mode of imagery thought. We furthersuggest that Western ideas concerning the self andself healing, the superficial resemblance of theinitiatory sufferings to schizophrenia, and thedramatic nature of the initiatory sufferings when theyoccur, have combined to give a misleading prominenceto the role of an initiatory madness in shamanism. 相似文献
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Muslihudeen A. Abdul‐Aziz Gerhard Schöfl Grit Mrotzek Haryanti Haryanti Ketut Sugama Hans Peter Saluz 《Ecology and evolution》2015,5(17):3570-3584
Here we used both microsatellites and mtCR (mitochondrial DNA control region) sequences as genetic markers to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Penaeus monodon shrimp from six Indonesian regions. The microsatellite data showed that shrimp from the Indian and the Pacific Ocean were genetically distinct from each other. It has been reported previously that P. monodon mtCR sequences from the Indo‐Pacific group into two major paralogous clades of unclear origin. Here we show that the population structure inferred from mtCR sequences matches the microsatellite‐based population structure for one of these clades. This is consistent with the notion that this mtCR clade shares evolutionary history with nuclear DNA and may thus represent nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (Numts). 相似文献
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Diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations in central Sumatra,Indonesia
Andrew?P.?JenningsEmail author Mohd?Naim Andreas?Dwi?Advento Anak?Agung?Ketut?Aryawan Sudharto?Ps Jean-Pierre?Caliman Aude?Verwilghen Geraldine?Veron 《Acta theriologica》2015,60(2):181-188
In Southeast Asia, the conversion of native forests to oil palm plantations threatens tropical biodiversity, but very little is known about the impacts of oil palm cultivation on small carnivore species. To determine the diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations and to investigate possible factors that might affect their presence within oil palm, we used camera-traps within two oil palm plantations in central Sumatra, analysed the data using occupancy modelling and tested whether two covariates (distance to the edge of the oil palm habitat and distance from extensive areas of lowland forest) affected the model parameters for each small carnivore species. From 3164 camera-trap days, we detected only three small carnivores: leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga), which indicates that there was a low diversity of small carnivores within the oil palm plantations. Both the leopard cat and common palm civet were found deep within the oil palm, whereas the Malay civet was only detected near the edge in one of the plantations. The leopard cat and common palm civet had very high occupancy values, whereas the Malay civet had low values for both occupancy and detection probability. Neither covariate affected occupancy of the leopard cat and common palm civet, but distance from the edge of the oil palm habitat did influence their detection probabilities. Malay civet occupancy decreased with distance from the oil palm edge, and detection probability was affected by distance from extensive areas of lowland forest. Forests and rest/den site availability are suggested to be important features for small carnivores with oil palm-dominated landscapes. 相似文献
8.
Tarô Adati Wayan Susila Ketut Sumiartha Putu Sudiarta Wataru Toriumi Kei Kawazu Shinsaku Koji 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2011,46(2):247-253
Effects of mixed cropping and barrier crops on the population density and parasitism of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were evaluated in field plots of cabbage grown in Bali, Indonesia. The densities of P. xylostella at larval and pupal stages, as well as the overall density at larval plus pupal stages, were significantly lower in cabbage/coriander
mixed cropping subplots than in cabbage monoculture subplots. Parasitism of P. xylostella by the larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was not significantly different between the mixed and monocultural cropping systems.
These results do not support the so-called enemies hypothesis, but suggest that disruption of the host searching behavior
of female moths by neighboring non-host plants is the mechanism behind the associational resistance observed in the coriander
mixed cropping system. The inclusion of a Napier grass barrier between mixed crop and monoculture subplots did not affect
the influence of mixed cropping on larval and pupal densities. Therefore, Napier grass, which is used locally as a fence for
preventing livestock invasion of fields, would not obstruct the pest-reducing effect of coriander/cabbage mixed cropping. 相似文献
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) displays two distinct life stages, latency and lytic reactivation. Progression through the lytic cycle and replication of the viral genome constitute an essential step toward the production of infectious virus and human disease. KSHV K-RTA has been shown to be the major transactivator required for the initiation of lytic reactivation. In the transient-cotransfection replication assay, K-Rta is the only noncore protein required for DNA synthesis. K-Rta was shown to interact with both C/EBPα binding motifs and the R response elements (RRE) within oriLyt. It is postulated that K-Rta acts in part to facilitate the recruitment of replication factors to oriLyt. In order to define the role of K-Rta in the initiation of lytic DNA synthesis, we show an interaction with ORF59, the DNA polymerase processivity factor (PF), one of the eight virally encoded proteins necessary for origin-dependent DNA replication. Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, both K-Rta and ORF59 interact with the RRE and C/EBPα binding motifs within oriLyt in cells harboring the KSHV bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). A transient-transfection ChIP assay demonstrated that the interaction of ORF59 with oriLyt is dependent on binding with K-Rta and that ORF59 fails to bind to oriLyt in the absence of K-Rta. Also, using the cotransfection replication assay, overexpression of the interaction domain of K-Rta with ORF59 has a dominant negative effect on oriLyt amplification, suggesting that the interaction of K-Rta with ORF59 is essential for DNA synthesis and supporting the hypothesis that K-Rta facilitates the formation of a replication complex at oriLyt. 相似文献
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Sunny E. Townsend I Putu Sumantra Pudjiatmoko Gusti Ngurah Bagus Eric Brum Sarah Cleaveland Sally Crafter Ayu P. M. Dewi Dewa Made Ngurah Dharma Jonathan Dushoff Janice Girardi I Ketut Gunata Elly F. Hiby Corlevin Kalalo Darryn L. Knobel I Wayan Mardiana Anak Agung Gde Putra Luuk Schoonman Helen Scott–Orr Mike Shand I Wayan Sukanadi Pebi Purwo Suseno Daniel T. Haydon Katie Hampson 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(8)