葡萄Actin基因家族的鉴定及进化和表达分析

采用生物信息学方法从葡萄(Vitis vinifera Linn.)全基因组中鉴定Actin基因家族,并对各基因的染色体定位和结构特征,编码蛋白质的理化性质、亚细胞定位、二级结构、三级结构和系统进化,以及不同组织的基因表达进行研究.结果表明:葡萄Actin基因家族16个基因分布在12条染色体上.16个基因的结构特征及其编码蛋白质的理化性质差异较大.16个基因的长度及其内含子总长度的变化范围较大,编码序列(CDS)和外显子总长度的变化范围较小.除登录号GSVIVG01008254001和GSVIVG01014035001的基因外,其他14个基因的GC含量均低于其CDS的GC含量.除登录号GSVIVG01008254001的基因外,其他15个基因编码的蛋白质的理论相对分子质量为12534.54~82612.33,理论等电点为pI 4.92~pI 9.13.16个基因编码蛋白质的消光系数为14105~73645,脂肪族氨基酸指数为65.54~92.06,其中9个为稳定蛋白,7个为不稳定蛋白.除登录号GSVIVG01014035001的基因外,其他15个基因编码的蛋白质均为亲水性蛋白.登录号GSVIVG01016517001的基因编码的蛋白质定位于细胞质和细胞核,其他15个基因编码的蛋白质定位于细胞质.二级结构和三级结构显示:葡萄Actin基因家族16个基因编码的蛋白质均由α螺旋、无规则卷曲和延伸链构成,且总体以无规则卷曲为主.系统进化分析和不同组织的基因表达分析结果显示:与拟南芥〔Arabidopsis thaliana(Linn.)Heynh.〕相似,葡萄Actin基因家族16个基因编码的蛋白质分为3个亚家族,ClassⅡ亚家族(营养型)包括登录号GSVIVG01003099001和GSVIVG01026580001的基因编码的蛋白质,这2个基因在所有组织中的表达均较高;ClassⅢ亚家族(生殖型)包括登录号GSVIVG01033494001、GSVIVG01024980001和GSVIVG01016550001的基因编码的蛋白质,这3个基因在花粉、雄蕊和花中的表达均较高;ClassⅠ亚家族包括其他11个基因编码的蛋白质,这11个基因在各组织中的表达总体上较低.研究结果显示:葡萄Actin基因家族的表达具有组织特异性.     

种内及种间干扰对围栏内花鼠分散贮藏行为的影响

2009 年9 月在黑龙江省带岭区东方红林场10 m ×10 m 半天然围栏内模拟花鼠种内(不同性别) 和种间
(大林姬鼠) 干扰竞争对花鼠分散埋藏红松种子行为的影响。实验分四个处理两个批次进行,依次为单只花鼠对
照实验(雄性7 只,雌性9 只)、种内同性干扰竞争、种内异性干扰竞争和种间干扰竞争。结果表明:(1)花鼠
雌性个体的分散埋藏强度明显高于雄性个体;(2)种间干扰竞争引起花鼠对红松分散埋藏比例明显增加,而种
内干扰对花鼠分散埋藏行为的影响不显著;(3) 种内干扰竞争条件下,同性干扰竞争和异性干扰竞争对花鼠分
散埋藏行为均无显著影响;(4)雄性个体在同性干扰下,埋藏强度不变;而在雌性个体干扰竞争下,埋藏强度
增加;(5)雌性个体在雌性和雄性干扰条件下,花鼠分散埋藏行为均无明显变化。     

温度和盐胁迫对草莓开花进程和相关基因表达的影响

为探究草莓花器官对高温、低温、盐胁迫的响应特征,该研究以草莓品种‘甜查理’为试材,设置0℃、4℃、25℃(CK)、37℃、200 mmol/L NaCl、400 mmol/L NaCl等逆境胁迫处理,考察草莓花外观形态、生长发育状态、花器官抗氧化酶活性,以及3个草莓花器官分生组织特异性基因、12个成花途径基因、3个抗氧化酶基因、6个抗逆基因的表达等。结果显示:(1)0℃、4℃、37℃、200 mmol/L NaCl、400 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理均抑制了草莓花的开放,0℃低温显著抑制草莓花器官的开放,并对草莓的花器官造成伤害。(2)当草莓植株受到高温、低温、盐胁迫时,其花器官内抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量均得到提高,其相关抗氧化酶基因的表达水平也相应提高。(3)0℃、4℃、37℃以及200 mmol/L NaCl、400 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理均显著降低了草莓花器官FaAP1、FaLFY、FaFD、FaSOC1等成花基因的表达量;0℃低温诱导了FaICE、FaRD29A、FaCOR、FaAFP等4个抗寒基因的表达水平;200 mmol/L NaCl、400 mmol/L NaCl的盐胁迫显著提高了FaP5CS基因的表达量。研究表明,0℃、4℃、37℃、200 mmol/L NaCl、400 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理不同程度抑制了草莓的开花进程,对草莓花器官造成伤害;不同逆境胁迫处理显著提高了草莓花器官SOD、POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量,相应的抗氧化酶基因表达得到上调,同时显著降低了草莓成花途径相关基因表达,增强了相关抗逆基因的表达水平。     

葡萄主要香气物质遗传调控研究进展

【目的】葡萄是重要的经济作物之一,香气是构成葡萄果实品质的重要组分之一。葡萄香气复杂,由包括萜烯类化合物、挥发性脂肪族化合物、芳香族化合物、吡嗪类化合物以及含硫化合物等多种化合物构成,同时受多因素影响。遗传是影响其香气分布的主要因素,选育不同香气类型的葡萄品种是目前重要的育种目标之一,因此分析葡萄香气物质遗传模式是实现育种目标的基础。【评论】本文在综述葡萄香气测定方法的基础上,对葡萄果实香气性状遗传规律、香气性状的QTL定位研究进行归纳与分析。【展望】以期为未来葡萄香气遗传规律解析奠定理论支撑,为葡萄香气性状定向育种提供参考。     

Chitinase family genes in grape differentially expressed in a manner specific to fruit species in response to Botrytis cinerea

Molecular Biology Reports - Chitinases (Chi), an important resistance-related protein, act against fungal pathogens by catalyzing the fungal cell wall, whereas are involved in different biological...     

In silico identification and computational characterization of endogenous small interfering RNAs from diverse grapevine tissues and stages

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are effectors of regulatory pathways underlying plant development, metabolism, and stress- and nutrient-signaling regulatory networks. The endogenous siRNAs are generally not conserved between plants; consequently, it is necessary and important to identify and characterize siRNAs from various plants. To address the nature and functions of siRNAs, and understand the biological roles of the huge siRNA population in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify a large set of putative endogenous siRNAs from six grapevine tissues/organs. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to classify the target genes of siRNA. In total, 520,519 candidate siRNAs were identified and their expression profiles exhibited typical temporal characters during grapevine development. In addition, we identified two grapevine trans-acting siRNA (TAS) gene homologs (VvTAS3 and VvTAS4) and the derived trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs) that could target grapevine auxin response factor (ARF) and myeloblastosis (MYB) genes. Furthermore, the GO and KEGG analysis of target genes showed that most of them covered a broad range of functional categories, especially involving in disease-resistance process. The large-scale and completely genome-wide level identification and characterization of grapevine endogenous siRNAs from the diverse tissues by high throughput technology revealed the nature and functions of siRNAs in grapevine.     

成都平原不同种植方式折耳根表面附生细菌群落结构与抗生素抗性基因分析

【目的】分析有机、化肥和野生折耳根表面的附生细菌群落结构和抗生素抗性基因(ARGs),揭示细菌群落结构与ARGs相互关系。【方法】高通量测定16SrRNAV3-V4可变区序列分析样品表面附生细菌群落结构;PCR和qPCR扩增29种ARGs基因分析样品表面ARGs污染情况;冗余分析(RDA)探讨细菌群落结构与ARGs的相互关系。【结果】折耳根表面检测到35个属的细菌,其中有机折耳根表面附生细菌多样性低于化肥和野生折耳根(P0.05);29种被检的ARGs中,有14种在折耳根中被检出,其中有机折耳根含有全部被检出的ARGs,化肥和野生折耳根则含有部分被检出的ARGs。折耳根表面ARGs污染的多样性和丰度显著受到样品表面的菌群结构影响,其中Lactococcus、 Escherichia、Fluviicola、Enterococcus、Sanguibacter和Acidovorax是影响ARGs最主要的菌群。【结论】有机种植极大地改变了折耳根表面附生细菌的群落结构,增加了ARGs的多样性和丰度,对有机折耳根的食品安全带来了潜在威胁。因此,有必要将ARGs污染监测纳入到有机折耳根的食品安全考核范围内。     

The effects of kernel mass and nutrition reward on seed dispersal of three tree species by small rodents

In the present study, colored tags were fastened to individual seeds to investigate seed dispersal and seed fates of Pinus koraiensis, Corylus mandshurica, and Corylus heterophylla with different seed traits. Our aim was to determine the role of the proportion of kernel mass, caloric reward per seed, and tag color in affecting seed removal rates and seed fates. We predicted that higher proportion of kernel mass and caloric reward will favor seed removal and caching, while lower ones will facilitate seed consumption either in situ or after removal. Our results showed that the proportion of kernel mass, rather than seed size, played an important role in determining seed removal rates and seed fates. Seeds of C. heterophylla with the lowest proportion of kernel mass, regardless of their largest size and/or mass, had lower removal rates, lower level of caching but higher proportion of consumption in situ compared with P. koraiensis and C. mandshurica seeds. Seeds with higher caloric reward exhibited greater dispersal distances. Seed kernel proportion was closely correlated to seed removal rates and caching rates, while seed size and hull thickness seemed to play less important role in affecting seed dispersal, probably because the higher seed handling ability of small rodents in the experimental areas. Our investigation revealed no significant effect of tag color on seed removal rates and seed fates of the three seed species.     

Characterization of DNA methylation variations during fruit development and ripening of Vitis vinifera (cv. ‘Fujiminori’)

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - The fruit is the most important economical organ in the grape; accordingly, to investigate the grapevine genomic methylation landscape and examine its...