全文获取类型
收费全文 | 649篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 34篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 56篇 |
2012年 | 59篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 42篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有676条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Flow microcalorimetry investigation of the influence of surfactants on a heterogeneous aerobic culture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of various surfactants on the biological activity of a mixed aerobic culture has been investigated by using flow microcalorimetry. The response of the culture to the addition of homologous n-alkylcarboxylates (C2 to C16) and n-alkylpyridinium bromides (C11 to C14) has been examined under endogenous and substrate saturation conditions, and inhibitory concentrations (MIC or the concentration which decreased the initial activity (heat flux) of the culture by 50%) were determined for each state. Under both conditions, the n-alkylpyridinium bromides were found to be more toxic than the n-alkylcarboxylates of identical chain length, thus confirming that the head group of the amphiphiles plays an important role in the microbial toxicity of surfactants. The relationship observed between the concentration at which 50% of the activity is lost and the chain length of the surfactant further confirms that cellular toxicity is also dependent on surfactant hydrophobicity. In relation to the biodegradability of surfactants in mixed aerobic cultures, the low concentration effects of n-alkylcarboxylates on endogenous culture were investigated in some detail. There appear to be compounded indications that these surfactants are rapidly metabolized by the microorganisms of the mixed culture, at least for homologs lower than C10. 相似文献
2.
Tohru Tsukui Sanae Miyake Sadahiro Azuma Hirotake Ichise Izumu Saito Yutaka Toyoda 《Molecular reproduction and development》1995,42(3):291-297
Replication-defective recombinant adenovirus, Adex4SRLacZL, was used as a vector for transferring exogenous genes in mouse zona pellucida-free eggs at the pronuclear stage. The vector contained the E. coli LacZ reporter gene under the control of the SRα promoter (SV40 early promoter-fused HTLV-I LTR), and the expression of the reporter gene was examined during preimplantation development in culture. Histochemical staining of the embryos for β-galactosidase activity showed that the exogenous LacZ gene as expressed in 98% of the embryos at the morula-blastocyst stages. As in the microinjection method, the exogenous genes could be pursued from the 2-cell stage. Neither apparent morphological changes nor cytotoxic effects were observed. Both the percentages of embryos expressing reporter genes and the rate of development to the blastocyst stage were higher in the adenovirus vector-treated embryos than in the microinjected ones. These results suggest that the adenovirus vector system is a useful tool in investigating the genetic control of early mammalian development. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
3.
The molecular events associated with decondensation of human sperm nuclei were analyzed by incubating sperm with egg extracts from an amphibian, Bufo japonicus . Acid-urea-Triton polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AUT-PAGE) showed that the nuclear basic proteins of human sperm consist mainly of protamines (HPI, HPII) with minor amounts of nucleosomal histones. On incubation of lysolecithin (LC)- and dithiothreitol (DTT)-treated human sperm with the egg extract, the nuclei lost HPI and HPII within 15 min in association with extensive nuclear decondensation, and the acquirement of a whole set of nucleosomal histones. Incubation of LC-DTT-sperm with nucleoplasmin purified from Bufo eggs also induced nuclear decondensation and loss of protamines within 30 min. Native-PAGE and Western blot analyses of incubation medium indicated tight association of the released protamines to nucleoplasmin, strongly suggesting that protamines are removed from sperm nuclei not enzymatically but by their specific binding to nucleoplasmin. On incubation of LC-DTT-sperm with nucleoplasmin and exogenous nucleosomal core histones, micrococcal nuclease-protected DNA fragments were released, although their unit repeat length was slightly less than that of somatic nucleosomes. Thus remodeling of human sperm during fertilization can be mimicked under defined conditions with nucleoplasmin and exogenous histones. 相似文献
4.
Arakawa Keita; Mizuno Katsuhiko; Kishitani Sachie; Takabe Tetsuko 《Plant & cell physiology》1992,33(7):833-840
The changes in the level of the protein for betaine aldehydedehydrogenase, which catalyzes the last step in the synthesisof glycinebetaine, were analyzed with antiserum raised againstSDS-denatured betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from spinach. Inbarley leaves, the levels of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenaseprotein were found to be enhanced by the addition of 200 mMNaCl to the growth medium. These changes in the level of theenzyme protein corresponded to those in the activity of theenzyme, as described in our previous study (Arakawa et al. 1990).The extent of this enhancement was reduced when barley plantswere relieved from salt stress. An increase in the level ofthe protein was also induced by water stress, such as the withholdingof water or the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000. Betainealdehyde dehydrogenase protein was detected in etiolated leavesand roots, as well as in green leaves. In etiolated leaves,the level of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase protein was notaffected by salt stress.
1 This work was supported by a grant from the Bio-Media Projectof the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(BMP92-III-l-1). 相似文献
5.
Heterogeneity of mouse lymphocytes with respect to interferon production upon influenza virus challenge in culture was studied. Spleen cells produced much more interferon than thymocytes or mesenteric lymph node cells. Spleen cells mainly responsible for interferon production belonged to the hydrocortisone-sensitive population. When spleen lymphocytes were separated into seven fractions by centrifugation on a serum albumin density gradient, they were found to differ greatly in interferon producing capacity; a small fraction of intermediate density, representing a few percent or less of the total lymphocytes, produced markedly high levels of interferon. 相似文献
6.
Bo Zhang Akira Matsunaga David L. Rainwater Shin-ichiro Miura Keita Noda Hiroaki Nishikawa Yoshinari Uehara Kazuyuki Shirai Masahiro Ogawa Keijiro Saku 《Journal of lipid research》2009,50(9):1832-1841
Electronegative LDL, a charge-modified LDL (cm-LDL) subfraction that is more negatively charged than normal LDL, has been shown to be inflammatory. We previously showed that pravastatin and simvastatin reduced the electronegative LDL subfraction, fast-migrating LDL (fLDL), as analyzed by capillary isotachophoresis (cITP). The present study examined the effects of rosuvastatin on the more electronegative LDL subfraction, very-fast-migrating LDL (vfLDL), and small, dense charge-modified LDL (sd-cm-LDL) subfractions. Patients with hypercholesterolemia or those who were being treated with statins (n = 81) were treated with or switched to 2.5 mg/d rosuvastatin for 3 months. Rosuvastatin treatment effectively reduced cITP cm-LDL subfractions of LDL (vfLDL and fLDL) or sdLDL (sd-vfLDL and sd-fLDL), which were closely related to each other but were different from the normal subfraction of LDL [slow-migrating LDL (sLDL)] or sdLDL (sd-sLDL) in their relation to the levels of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C), apolipoprotein (apo) C-II, and apoE. The percent changes in cm-LDL or sd-cm-LDL caused by rosuvastatin were correlated with those in the particle concentrations of LDL or sdLDL measured as LDL-apoB or sdLDL-apoB and the levels of HDL-C, RLP-C, apoC-II, and apoE. In conclusion, rosuvastatin effectively reduced both the vfLDL subfraction and sd-cm-LDL subfractions as analyzed by cITP. 相似文献
7.
8.
Keita Komine Yasuhiro Urayama Taku Hosaka Hayato Fukuda Susumi Hatakeyama Jun Ishihara 《Chirality》2020,32(3):273-281
Enantioselective formation of cyclohexene derivatives bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center is described. The racemic cyclohexenes are readily transformed to chiral substituted cyclohexenes in good yield with excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity by a palladium-mediated deracemization. The resulting products are promising synthetic intermediates of biologically active natural products. This protocol provides us with a new entry to the concise and scalable synthesis of multifunctionalized compounds. 相似文献
9.
Alfredo Attisano Lara B. Groß Nozomu J. Sato Yuji Okahisa Keita D. Tanaka Roman Gula Keisuke Ueda Jörn Theuerkauf 《Journal of avian biology》2020,51(7)
Predation and brood parasitism are common reasons for nesting failure in passerine species and the additive impact by invasive species is a major conservation concern, particularly on tropical islands. Recognising the relative contribution of the different components of nesting failure rates is important to understand co-evolutionary interactions within brood parasite–host systems. In the remote archipelago of New Caledonia, the fan-tailed gerygone Gerygone flavolateralis is the exclusive host of the brood-parasitic shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus. Additionally, invasive rodents also possibly have an impact on breeding success. To estimate the impact of potential nest predators, we 1) video monitored nests to identify predators, 2) estimated the probability of predation based on nest visibility and predator abundance and 3) tested the possibility that the location of experimental nests and lack of odour cues decrease the predation by rodents. In addition, we estimated nest survival rates using data collected in different habitats over the course of eight breeding seasons. Nesting success of fan-tailed gerygones was relatively low and predation was the main cause of nesting failure. We recorded mainly predation by native birds, including the shining bronze-cuckoo, whereas predation by rats was rare. In open habitats predation by cuckoos was much lower than predation by other avian predators. Neither predator activity around nests nor nest visibility influenced the probability of predation. Experimental nests in more accessible locations and containing an odorous bait were more exposed to rodent predation. Apparently, the fan-tailed gerygone has either never been specifically vulnerable to predation by rats or has developed anti-predator adaptations. 相似文献
10.