冬小麦春化过程中低温诱导的与花芽分化相关的mRNA和蛋白质的合成

应用SDS电泳及高分辨双向电泳技术,分析了冬小麦经春化、脱春化及超期春化处理后茎类蛋白质组分的变化。发现52.5,38kD和16.2kD蛋白质与冬小麦开花诱导密切相关。mRNA体外翻译结果表明,春化作用中低温诱导与开花紧密相关的mRNA的出现有一定的顺序性。因此推测:春化诱导开花是低温导致某些特定基因表达的结果,而表达的调节主要发生在转录水平上。     

光呼吸和谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂对水稻冠层NH3挥发的影响

在营养液培养条件下,对两个不同氮效率基因型水稻品种扬稻6号和武育粳3号采用光呼吸抑制剂异烟肼（INH）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）抑制剂蛋氨酸亚砜亚胺（MSO）处理,研究其对水稻光合速率、光呼吸速率、GS酶活性及冠层的NH。挥发速率的影响。结果发现：（1）MSO导致剑叶光合速率下降,光呼吸速率升高;INH导致光呼吸速率显著下降,同时一定程度上引起光合速率降低。（2）MSO处理显著降低了GS酶活性,相应地引起NH。挥发速率增加;INH在一定程度上导致NH。挥发速率降低。（3）扬稻6号NH。挥发速率比武育粳3号低的生理原因是光呼吸速率较低和GS酶活性较高。     

利用反义RNA技术分析春化相关基因VER17在冬小麦花发育过程中的功能

为了研究小麦春化相关基因VER17的功能,应用反义RNA技术,将VER17基因的反义片段构建到载体pBI121上,通过花粉管通道法获取转基因小麦.对T0代转基因植株GUS染色以及PCR等分子鉴定,得到14株含反义VERJ7基因片段的阳性转基因植株.对T0代和T1代的表型观察结果显示,VER17反义转基因植株开花时间延迟,并且穗的顶部和基部小花出现明显的退化.表明春化相关基因VER17在小麦发育过程中可能起到促进植物开花以及穗顶端和基部花发育的作用,减少小花退化,同时对雄蕊的发育也有影响.     

Molecular Cloning of a Vernalization related cDNA Clone (Vrc) of Vrc79 in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Vernalization is an essential factor in the flowering development of cold-required plants. There is a key stage of nucleic acid metabolism in the process of vernalization in winter wheat. To probe into the molecular determinants of vernalization, a cDNA library presumably enriching vernalization-related genes was prepared by specially expressed mRNAs from winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jingdong No. 1) plumules at the key stage of 21 d vernalization being recovered as cDNAs after subtraction with mRNAs from nonvernalized and devernalized plumules. One vernalization-related cDNA clone (Vrc), Vrc79, which was only expressed at the key stage of 21 d vernalization, but not at other stages of nonvernalization, 4 d vernalization and devemalization, was isolated by differential screening of the library, and shown to be a vernalization-specific clone by Northern blot. Result of homology search suggested that Vrc79 was a novel gene identified in higher plant which was different from the cold-stress-induced genes and might play an important role in the floral induction in vernalization-requiring plants.     

Effects of genome duplication on phenotypes and industrial applications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Polyploidy is common in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, but the physiological and phenotypic effects of ploidy changes have not been fully clarified....     

锰污染对酸模叶蓼生长、锰吸收及抗氧化物活性的影响

采用土培方法,研究了广西某锰矿区未开采区、探矿区、恢复区、开采区和尾矿坝的土壤对酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium Linn.)的生长、Mn吸收及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明,酸模叶蓼的根、茎、叶中Mn含量随着土壤Mn浓度的增加而增加,Mn含量依次为根茎叶;尾矿坝土壤中(T6处理),叶片Mn含量达到最大值5566.9 mg/kg。锰污染显著提高了酸模叶蓼叶片中H_2O_2和MDA的含量,但锰污染对酸模叶蓼的生物量无显著影响。锰污染土壤显著降低了酸模叶蓼叶片中SOD、POD、APX和As A等抗氧化物的活性,而CAT的活性则呈先上升后下降的趋势,表明Mn污染促使酸模叶蓼启动了抗氧化酶系统;Mn污染同时显著提高了酸模叶蓼叶片中-SH、GSH和PCs的含量,表明-SH、GSH和PCs在解毒酸模叶蓼Mn毒害的过程中起重要作用。     

砷对烤烟碳氮代谢及其产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验,系统地研究了砷对烤烟全生育期的碳氮代谢及其产量和品质的影响。结果表明,砷毒害对烤烟全生育期的碳代谢有显著影响,抑制了碳的同化和转化,降低了整个生育期的叶绿素含量、光合速率,造成了全生育期可溶性糖的积累,导致了生育后期淀粉含量的降低,最终使碳积累减少。砷毒害也改变了烤烟的氮代谢,造成生育前期氮同化能力的降低,表现出硝酸还原酶(NR)活性下降、总氮和蛋白质含量低于CK。砷毒害烤烟的氮转化表现活跃,提高了其中的游离氨基酸含量和谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)活性,最终导致烤烟生育中后期总氮和蛋白质的积累,但使整个生育期的烟碱含量降低。研究还表明,砷毒害降低了烤烟的产量和经济性状,增加了叶片中砷的积累,可溶性总糖含量的提高和糖氮比的协调虽好,但烟碱含量的降低和总氮、蛋白质含量的增加,以及糖碱比和氮碱比的失调,不利于碳氮代谢有关的化学品质形成。     

应用柑橘异源四倍体杂种花粉生产瘪籽沙田柚果实

以3个柑橘异源四倍体体细胞杂种(即四倍体粗柠檬与哈姆林甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"HR";酸柚与粗柠檬体细胞杂种,简称"SR";墨西哥来檬与伏令夏甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"KV")为父本,分别与二倍体单胚性沙田柚进行有性杂交,在生产上获得瘪籽沙田柚果实,并对果实品质进行分析(以四季柚花粉亲本为对照)。结果表明:授予柑橘异源四倍体杂种花粉的果实种子败育十分明显,果实瘪籽率达41.4%～96.0%,与对照间的差异极显著(P0.01);但果实单果重、果肉重、果皮重、果皮厚和果形指数与对照间无显著性差异(P0.05);果实可溶性固形物、全糖、Vc和可滴定酸含量与对照也无明显变化,且较适合于瘪籽沙田柚果实生产的体细胞杂种是HR和SR。     

美人蕉(Canna indica Linn)镉胁迫的抗氧化机理

采用水培的方式,探讨了不同Cd2+水平(0、1、2.5、7.5、15 mg·L-1)对美人蕉生物量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、植物螯合肽(PCs)、酸溶性SH、Cd含量的影响.结果表明,1 mg·L-1的Cd显著提高了美人蕉的生物量(p<0.05),促进了美人蕉的生长.随着Cd2+浓度的提高,SOD、 POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量显著增加(p<0.05),表明美人蕉受到了活性氧物质的胁迫.美人蕉中GSH、PCs、SH含量也随Cd2+含量的增加而增加,表明Cd胁迫诱导了PCs 的产生,有利于降低Cd对植物体本身的毒害,且根系中的含量均高于叶片.美人蕉中Cd含量随着Cd浓度的增加而显著增加,在15 mg·L-1处理时,地上部Cd含量达到555.4 mg·kg-1,表明美人蕉对Cd有较强的富集能力.     

Vernalization,a Switch in Initiation of Flowering,Promotes Differentiation and Development of Spikelet in Winter Wheat

Vernalization is a decisive physiological process for heading, flowering and graining of biennial plants. Variable duration of low-temperature treatment has effects on lateral morphogenesis, such as spike initiation, floral development and graining rate in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The investigation data showed that the duration of vernalization treatment was a decisive factor for the initiation of spike relevant to the time of initiation; the longer the duration at low temperature, the earlier the spike initiation in winter wheat. In the process of the spike differentiation, relatively lower temperature and longer differential time benefited for spike differentiation. Under laboratory condition, a low-temperature treatment for 45 d was optial for flower differentiation and graining in winter wheat. It is novelly recognized that vernalization treatment is essential for development of both spikes and spikelets, besides for promoting initiation of differentiation in winter wheat.