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排序方式: 共有142条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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2.
S. I. Hasan Barbara A. D. Blaney J. L. Turk 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1992,34(4):228-232
Summary This study investigates the effects of anticancer drugs and immunomodulating agents on the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes in vitro. The addition of non-cytotoxic concentrations of Adriamycin (doxorubicin), vincristine and 4-OOH-cyclophosphamide (the in vitro active analogue of cyclophosphamide) resulted in suppression of IL-6 release. The drugs bleomycin, FK156 [d-lactoyl-l-alanyl--d-glutamyl-(l)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(l)-glycine], FK565 [heptanoyl--d-glutamyl-(l)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(d)-alanine] and the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A did not alter the release of IL-6 in the same experimental system. 相似文献
3.
The combinatorial distance geometry method for the calculation of molecular conformation. II. Sample problems and computational statistics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The performance of a branch and bound algorithm for molecular energy minimization is evaluated on a variety of test problems. Although not at present efficient enough for use in most practical situations, we show that it has distinct advantages over more conventional methods of global minimization. In addition, this study illustrates the technique on which the present algorithm is based, and the problems which must be overcome in developing an efficient algorithm based on similar principles. 相似文献
4.
Kayleigh M. Hansford Sara L. Gandy Emma L. Gillingham Liz McGinley Benjamin Cull Colin Johnston Matthew Catton Jolyon M. Medlock 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2023,37(1):152-163
Tick-borne disease risk is intrinsically linked to the distribution of tick vector species. To assess risk and anticipate disease emergence, an understanding of tick distribution, host associations, and seasonality is needed. This can be achieved, to some extent, using passive surveillance supported by engagement with the public, animal health, and public health experts. The Tick Surveillance Scheme (TSS) collects data and maps tick distribution across the United Kingdom (UK). Between 2017 and 2020, 3720 tick records were received and 39 tick species were detected. Most records were acquired in the UK, with a subset associated with recent overseas travel. The dominant UK acquired species was Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Linnaeus), the main vector of Lyme borreliosis. Records peaked during May and June, highlighting a key risk period for tick bites. Other key UK species were detected, including Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Fabricius) and Haemaphysalis punctata (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Canestrini & Fanzago) as well as several rarer species that may present novel tick-borne disease risk to humans and other animals. Updated tick distribution maps highlight areas in the UK where tick exposure has occurred. There is evidence of increasing human tick exposure over time, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, but seasonal patterns remain unchanged. 相似文献
5.
W. M. Blaney M. S. J. Simmonds S. V. Evans L. E. Fellows 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1984,36(3):209-216
The cyclic amino alditol 2,5-dihydroxymethyl 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) has recently been shown to be an inhibitor of various glucosidases. We have investigated its role as a plant protective chemical against a range of phytophagous insects by examining its effects on development, feeding behaviour and functioning of taste receptors. We have shown that it can inhibit feeding and can be toxic. The mechanisms by which these effects are achieved are discussed in the context of the molecular structure of the compound.
Résumé Récemment a été mis en évidence le puissant pouvoir inhibiteur de différents glucosidases. Présenté par l'amino-alditol cyclique, 2,5 dihydroxymethyl 3,4 dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP), isolé de graines de la légumineuse Lonchocarpus sericeus. Nous avons examiné le rôle de ce composé secondaire dans la stratégie défensive de la plante contre une gamme d'insectes phytophages, à travers son action sur le développement, le comportement alimentaire et le fonctionnement des récepteurs gustatifs. Nous avons montré que DMDP peut inhiber, suivant la dose, la prise de nourriture et, qu'aprs ingestion (par Spodoptera spp), il peut agir comme une toxine. Par suite de sa structure moléculaire, DMDP peut être considéré, non seulement comme l'analogue d'un sucre, mais aussi comme un alcaloïde. Le bilan des résultats de nos expériences suggère que l'efficacité de DMDP comme phagodissuadant, si elle ne provient pas de sa toxicité, découle principalement de ses propriétés d'alcaloïde.相似文献
6.
Antifeedant effects of azadirachtin and structurally related compounds on lepidopterous larvae 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
W. M. Blaney M. S. J. Simmonds S. V. Ley J. C. Anderson P. L. Toogood 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1990,55(2):149-160
The antifeedant activity of azadirachtin, azadirachtin-derivatives and related limonoids was assessed in choice and no-choice bioassays against four species of Lepidoptera: Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Heliothis virescens and Heliothis armigera. The choice bioassay showed that the feeding behaviour of S. littoralis was affected by more of the compounds than that of either S. frugiperda or H. virescens. H. armigera was the least affected. Azadirachtin and dihydroazadirachtin were the most potent of the 40 compounds tested. The results showed that hydrogenation of the C-22,23 double bond did not decrease antifeedant activity and the nature of the substitutes at C-1, C-3 and C-11 were important. Molecules with bulky substitutes at either C-22 or C-23 were usually ineffective antifeedants as were compounds lacking an epoxide. Compounds recorded as active antifeedants in the choice bioassay were not always as active in the no-choice test. The value of the bioassays in assessing the mode of action of the compounds is discussed.
Résumé L'activité phagodissuadante de l'azadirachtine, de ses dérivés et des limonoïdes voisins sur 4 espèces de lépidoptères: Spodoptera littoralis, S. frugiperda, Heliothis virescens et H. armigera a été évaluée par des expériences avec et sans choix. Les expériences de choix ont montré que le comportement alimentaire de S. littoralis était modifié par plus de substances que celui de S. frugiperda ou H. virescens. Celui de H. armigera était le moins modifié. Les 2 substances les plus puissantes parmi les 40 examinées, ont été l'azadirachtine et le dihydroazadirachtine. Ces résultats montrent que l'hydrogénation de la double liaison C-22,23 ne réduit pas l'activité phagodissuadante et que la nature des substitutions en C-1, C-3 et C-11 sont importantes. Les molécules avec des substitutions volumineuses en C-22 ou C-23 sont généralement des phagodissuadants aussi inefficaces que ceux ayant perdu un époxide. Les substances notées comme phagodissuadants actifs dans les expériences de choix ne sont pas toujours aussi actives en absence de choix. La valeur des tests dans l'évaluation du mode d'action des substances est discuté.相似文献
7.
Ghrelin is a small peptide hormone that requires a unique post-translational modification, serine octanoylation, to bind and activate the GHS-R1a receptor. Initially demonstrated to stimulate hunger and appetite, ghrelin-dependent signaling is implicated in a variety of neurological and physiological processes influencing diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and Prader-Willi syndrome. In addition to its cognate receptor, recent studies have revealed ghrelin interacts with a range of binding partners within the bloodstream. Defining the scope of ghrelin’s interactions within the body, understanding how these interactions work in concert to modulate ghrelin signaling, and developing molecular tools for controlling ghrelin signaling are essential for exploiting ghrelin for therapeutic effect. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the biological effects of ghrelin signaling, outline binding partners that control ghrelin trafficking and stability in circulation, and summarize the current landscape of inhibitors targeting ghrelin octanoylation. 相似文献
8.
Blaney Davidson EN Scharstuhl A Vitters EL van der Kraan PM van den Berg WB 《Arthritis research & therapy》2005,7(6):R1338-R1347
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease, mainly effecting the elderly population. The cause of OA seems to be an imbalance
in catabolic and anabolic factors that develops with age. IL-1 is a catabolic factor known to induce cartilage damage, and
transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is an anabolic factor that can counteract many IL-1-induced effects. In old mice, we
observed reduced responsiveness to TGF-beta-induced IL-1 counteraction. We investigated whether expression of TGF-beta and
its signaling molecules altered with age. To mimic the TGF-beta deprived conditions in aged mice, we assessed the functional
consequence of TGF-beta blocking. We isolated knee joints of mice aged 5 months or 2 years, half of which were exposed to
IL-1 by intra-articular injection 24 h prior to knee joint isolation. Immunohistochemistry was performed, staining for TGF-beta1,
-2 or -3, TGF-betaRI or -RII, Smad2, -3, -4, -6 and -7 and Smad-2P. The percentage of cells staining positive was determined
in tibial cartilage. To mimic the lack of TGF-beta signaling in old mice, young mice were injected with IL-1 and after 2 days
Ad-LAP (TGF-beta inhibitor) or a control virus were injected. Proteoglycan (PG) synthesis (35S-sulfate incorporation) and PG content of the cartilage were determined. Our experiments revealed that TGF-beta2 and -3 expression
decreased with age, as did the TGF-beta receptors. Although the number of cells positive for the Smad proteins was not altered,
the number of cells expressing Smad2P strongly dropped in old mice. IL-1 did not alter the expression patterns. We mimicked
the lack of TGF-beta signaling in old mice by TGF-beta inhibition with LAP. This resulted in a reduced level of PG synthesis
and aggravation of PG depletion. The limited response of old mice to TGF-beta induced-IL-1 counteraction is not due to a diminished
level of intracellular signaling molecules or an upregulation of intracellular inhibitors, but is likely due to an intrinsic
absence of sufficient TGF-beta receptor expression. Blocking TGF-beta distorted the natural repair response after IL-1 injection.
In conclusion, TGF-beta appears to play an important role in repair of cartilage and a lack of TGF-beta responsiveness in
old mice might be at the root of OA development. 相似文献
9.
Hansford Kayleigh M. McGinley Liz Wilkinson Samantha Gillingham Emma L. Cull Ben Gandy Sara Carter Daniel P. Vaux Alexander G. C. Richards Simon Hayes Alister Medlock Jolyon M. 《Experimental & applied acarology》2021,84(3):593-606
Experimental and Applied Acarology - Assessing the risk of tick-borne disease in areas with high visitor numbers is important from a public health perspective. Evidence suggests that tick presence,... 相似文献