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1.
Kevin Karbstein Kathleen Prinz Frank Hellwig Christine Rmermann 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(11):5015-5033
Intraspecific trait variation (ITV), based on available genetic diversity, is one of the major means plant populations can respond to environmental variability. The study of functional trait variation and diversity has become popular in ecological research, for example, as a proxy for plant performance influencing fitness. Up to now, it is unclear which aspects of intraspecific functional trait variation (iFDCV) can be attributed to the environment or genetics under natural conditions. Here, we examined 260 individuals from 13 locations of the rare (semi‐)dry calcareous grassland species Trifolium montanum L. in terms of iFDCV, within‐habitat heterogeneity, and genetic diversity. The iFDCV was assessed by measuring functional traits (releasing height, biomass, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, Fv/Fm, performance index, stomatal pore surface, and stomatal pore area index). Abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity was derived from altitude, slope exposure, slope, leaf area index, soil depth, and further soil factors. Based on microsatellites, we calculated expected heterozygosity (He) because it best‐explained, among other indices, iFDCV. We performed multiple linear regression models quantifying relationships among iFDCV, abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity, and also between separate functional traits and abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity or genetic diversity. We found that abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity influenced iFDCV twice as strong compared to genetic diversity. Both aspects together explained 77% of variation in iFDCV ( = .77, F2, 10 = 21.66, p < .001). The majority of functional traits (releasing height, biomass, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, Fv/Fm, and performance index) were related to abiotic habitat conditions indicating responses to environmental heterogeneity. In contrast, only morphology‐related functional traits (releasing height, biomass, and leaf area) were related to genetics. Our results suggest that both within‐habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity affect iFDCV and are thus crucial to consider when aiming to understand or predict changes of plant species performance under changing environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Shira Weingarten-Gabbay Susan Klaeger Siranush Sarkizova Leah R. Pearlman Da-Yuan Chen Kathleen M.E. Gallagher Matthew R. Bauer Hannah B. Taylor W. Augustine Dunn Christina Tarr John Sidney Suzanna Rachimi Hasahn L. Conway Katelin Katsis Yuntong Wang Del Leistritz-Edwards Melissa R. Durkin Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch Pardis C. Sabeti 《Cell》2021,184(15):3962-3980.e17
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3.
Maurice Campbell 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1948,2(4579):669-671
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Susan Morrison Grace John-Stewart John J. Egessa Sezi Mubezi Sylvia Kusemererwa Dennis K. Bii Nulu Bulya Francis Mugume James D. Campbell Jonathan Wangisi Elizabeth A. Bukusi Connie Celum Jared M. Baeten Partners PrEP Study Team 《PloS one》2015,10(10)
During an HIV-1 prevention clinical trial in East Africa, we observed 16 cases of primary HIV-1 infection in women coincident with pregnancy or breastfeeding. Nine of eleven pregnant women initiated rapid combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), despite having CD4 counts exceeding national criteria for ART initiation; breastfeeding women initiated ART or replacement feeding. Rapid ART initiation during primary HIV-1 infection during pregnancy and breastfeeding is feasible in this setting. 相似文献
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