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1.
Microbial metabolism of chlorosalicylates: effect of prolonged subcultivation on constructed strains
Miguel Angel Rubio Karl-Heinrich Engesser Hans-Joachim Knackmuss 《Archives of microbiology》1986,145(2):123-125
The hybrid strain Pseudomonas sp. WR4016 was subcultivated with increasing concentrations of 5-chlorosalicylate (510 mM) as sole carbon source over a period of 9 months. At intervals of approximately 3 months derivative strains WR4017, WR4018 and WR4019 were isolated which exhibited higher growth rates and increased substrate tolerance. Comparative analysis of the turnover rates of the key enzymes in chlorosalicylate degradation showed that the adaptation process did not result from structural modifications of these proteins. Instead, balanced over-production of the salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase prevented the accumulation of toxic chlorocatechols and accounted for the reduction of the doubling times with 4- or 5-chlorosalicylate. A comparative analysis of a genetically engineered chlorosalicylate degrader PL300-1 showed similar regulatory patterns as the most advanced isolate WR4019 from the adaptation series. 相似文献
2.
Dietmar Helmut Pieper Karin Stadler-Fritzsche Karl-Heinrich Engesser Hans-Joachim Knackmuss 《Archives of microbiology》1993,160(3):169-178
2-Chloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate is not a growth substrate for Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 and JMP 1341. It is, however, being transformed by enzymes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism to 2-chloro-4-methyl-cis, cis-muconate, which is converted by enzymatic 1,4-cycloisomerization to 4-carboxymethyl-2-chloro-4-methylmuconolactone as a dead end metabolite. Chemically, only 3,6-cycloisomerization occurs, giving rise to both diastereomers of 4-carboxychloromethyl-3-methylbut-2-en-4-olide. Those lactones harbonring a chlorosubstituent on the 4-carboxymethyl side chain were surprisingly stable under physiological as well as acidic conditions. 相似文献
3.
Coordinate induction by UV light of stilbene synthase,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase in leaves of vitaceae 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A stilbene synthase catalyzing the formation of resveratrol from 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA was found in the leaves of several Vitaceae. This stilbene synthase and two other enzymes functioning on the route from phenylalanine to stilbenes were induced concurrently upon irradiation of the leaves with UV light. With leaves of Cissus antarctica, an increase of stilbene synthase activity, more than hundred-fold, was observed with a maximum appearing 15 h after the induction with UV light.Abbreviations EDTA
Na2-ethylenediaminotetraacetate
- Hepes
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- Mes
morpholinoethanesulfonic acid 相似文献
4.
Dissecting physiological roles of estrogen receptor alpha and beta with potent selective ligands from structure-based design 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Hillisch A Peters O Kosemund D Müller G Walter A Schneider B Reddersen G Elger W Fritzemeier KH 《Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)》2004,18(7):1599-1609
The distinct roles of the two estrogen receptor (ER) isotypes, ERalpha and ERbeta, in mediating the physiological responses to estrogens are not completely understood. Although knockout animal experiments have been aiding to gain insight into estrogen signaling, additional information on the function of ERalpha and ERbeta will be provided by the application of isotype-selective ER agonists. Based on the crystal structure of the ERalpha ligand binding domain and a homology model of the ERbeta-ligand binding domain, we have designed steroidal ligands that exploit the differences in size and flexibility of the two ligand binding cavities. Compounds predicted to bind preferentially to either ERalpha or ERbeta were synthesized and tested in vitro using radio-ligand competition and transactivation assays. This approach directly led to highly ER isotype-selective (approximately 200-fold) and potent ligands. To unravel physiological roles of the two receptors, in vivo experiments with rats were conducted using the ERalpha- and ERbeta-selective agonists in comparison to 17beta-estradiol. The ERalpha agonist induced uterine growth, caused bone-protective effects, reduced LH and FSH plasma levels, and increased angiotensin I, whereas the ERbeta agonist did not at all or only at high doses lead to such effects, despite high plasma levels. It can thus be concluded that estrogen effects on the uterus, pituitary, bone, and liver are primarily mediated via ERalpha. Simultaneous administration of the ERalpha and ERbeta ligand did not lead to an attenuation of ERalpha-mediated effects on the uterus, pituitary, and liver parameters. 相似文献
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Twenty-seven Gram-positive strains were characterized physiologically and numerically and classified them into four groups according to their specific activities for utilization of linear alkyl ethers (AEs), cyclic AEs, monoalkoxybenzenes and 1,4-diethoxybenzene. The comparative analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and 16S-23S intergenic spacer region showed that they belonged to the genera Rhodococcus and Gordonia. Alkyl ether-utilizing rhodococci appeared to involve various and diverse cytochromes P450 of the families CYP116 (25 positive strains from 27), CYP153 (5/27), CYP249 (1/27) and a new family P450RR1 (27/27). The presence of P450RR1 was strongly related to the specific activity for utilization of 2-methoxyphenol and 2-ethoxyphenol. In addition, 26 of 27 strains contained multiple alkB genes coding for probable non-haem iron containing alkane monooxygenases and hydroxylases. Similar DNA fragments coding for a tetrahydrofuran monooxygenase A subunit (ThmA) were found in all cyclic AE-utilizing strains and nearly identical DNA fragments coding for likely orthologues of a propane monooxygenase A subunit (PrmA) in all linear AE-utilizing strains. The substrate availability in the degradation of aryl AEs, cyclic AEs and linear AEs agreed with the molecular probing of the respective genes encoding cytochrome P450RR1, ThmA and PrmA. 相似文献
7.
For the prediction of the air and product temperatures, the product moisture, and the air humidity during a coating process
in a Bohle Lab-Coater, a model was developed. The purpose of this work was to determine the limit moisture, the critical moisture,
and the constant for the exchange rate between both zones and to use these values for other sets of experiments to test the
model. The adaptation of the 3 parameters (limit moisture, critical moisture, and exchange rate constant), was done by calculation
of the product temperature in both zones for several sets of parameters in order to minimize the sum of square deviation between
the calculated and the measured product temperatures. This set of parameters was used to test the validity of the model. By
applying the model, the product temperature could be predicted based on the product, process, and equipment-related parameters.
Hence, the model can be used to theoretically investigate the influence of different process paramaters. The mean difference
between the predicted, and measured product temperatures in the steady state is ≈2 up to 3 K using the determined parameter
set for the limit moisture, the critical moisture, and the exchange rate constant. The model is useful for the prediction
of the air and product temperatures, the product moisture, and air humidity during a coating process in the Bohle Lab-Coater
using round, biconvex tablets. 相似文献
8.
Muehlfelder M Arias-Loza PA Fritzemeier KH Pelzer T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2012,423(4):850-856
Activation of vascular mineralocorticoid (MR) or estrogen receptors (ER) exerts opposing effects on vascular remodeling. As we have previously shown, activation of either estrogen receptor subtype, ERα or ERβ, is fully sufficient to attenuate vascular remodeling in aldosterone salt-treated rats. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) we tested the hypothesis that ER and MR activation might differentially modulate vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In support of this concept, aldosterone increased ROS generation in vascular smooth muscle cells as determined by quantitative dihydroethidium fluorescence microscopy. Co-treatment with the selective ERα agonist 16α-LE2, the selective ERβ agonist 8β-VE2 or the non-selective ER agonist 17β-estradiol (E2) significantly reduced aldosterone-induced ROS generation. The pure ER antagonist ICI 182,780 completely blocked these salutary effects of E2, 16α-LE2 and 8β-VE2. Activation of ERα or ERβ fully blocked the reduction of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) levels observed in aldosterone treated vascular smooth muscle cells. Intracellular NADPH levels were closely associated with expression and activity of the NADPH generating enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In conclusion, estrogens attenuate the detrimental vascular effects of excessive MR activation at least in part by preventing the depletion of intracellular NADPH levels. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die Beschreibung der Struktur 2. Ordnung baut auf einer Klassifizierung der Strukturen 3. Ordnung, Osteone und Tangentiallamellen, auf (Knese, Voges und Ritschl 1954). Um die Zusammenlagerung der Osteone mit verschiedenen Merkmalen wie Form, Größe und Steigungsfolge am einzelnen Ort zu erfassen, wird das Lochkartenverfahren benutzt. Die Besonderheiten dieses Verfahrens, das sich von der üblichen Beschreibung sowie der Zahlenstatistik unterscheidet, bzw. eine Kombination beider darstellt, werden diskutiert. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die Verwendung des Lochkartenverfahrens die Möglichkeit gibt, eine unübersichtliche Ansammlung sehr ähnlicher Gebilde in ihren einzelnen Bestandteilen zu differenzieren.Typen einer Struktur 2. Ordnung, die an verschiedenen Skeletelementen wiederkehren, existieren nicht. Es ist daraus zu schließen, daß jedes Skeletstück in seinen verschiedenen Anteilen einen individuellen Bau besitzt. Damit kann aber auch nicht mit einem gleichartigen Spannungsgefüge an verschiedenen Skeletstücken gerechnet werden. Die Verteilung der Strukturen ist als Funktion (im mathematischen Sinn) des Querschnittes anzusehen. Asymmetrische Osteone haben Verteilungsschwerpunkte an den Flächen, Runde und Schrägschnitte an den Kanten. In einem Skeletstück herrscht eine Steigungsfolge vor. Gleichartige Wicklungen finden sich zum Teil an gegenüberliegenden Flächen. Im einzelnen ist die Verteilung der Steigungsfolgen über den Querschnitt ähnlich wie die der Asymmetrierichtungen sehr verwickelt.Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献