Summary The dry-matter yield and nitrogen uptake of berseem (Trifolium alexand-drinum), yield, nitrogen uptake, nodulation and leghaemoglobin content of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) inoculated with specific rhizobia were appreciably influenced by the application of sodium humate to soil under green house
conditions. Even the application of sodium humate alone without bacterial inoculation had good growth stimulating influence
on both the crops, and this effect was further improved by the application of inorganic nitrogen to dhaincha plants. A fair
increase in the yield and phosphorus up-take of wheat (Triticum vulgare) inoculated withAzotobacter and/orBacillus spp. was also recorded with the addition of the humic material to the soil. The greatest effect was observed on the plants
inoculated withAzotobacter andBacillus spp. together. 相似文献
Arsenic (As) contaminated food chains have emerged as a serious public concern for humans and animals and are known to affect the cultivation of edible crops throughout the world. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the individual as well as the combined effects of exogenous silicon (Si) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, on plant growth, metabolites, and antioxidant defense systems of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants under three different concentrations of As stress, i.e., 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mM in a pot experiment. The results showed that As stress reduced the growth parameters of radish plants by increasing the level of oxidative stress markers, i.e., malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. However, foliar application of Si (2 mM) and pretreatment with SNP (100 µM) alone as well as in combination with Si improved the plant growth parameters, i.e., root length, fresh and dry weight of plants under As stress. Furthermore, As stress also reduced protein, and metabolites contents (flavonoids, phenolic and anthocyanin). Activities of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), as well as the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) decreased under As stress. In most of the parameters in radish, As III concentration showed maximum reduction, as compared to As I and II concentrations. However, the individual and combined application of Si and NO significantly alleviated the As-mediated oxidative stress in radish plants by increasing the protein, and metabolites content. Enhancement in the activities of CAT, APX, POD and PPO enzymes were recorded. Contents of glutathione and ascorbic acid were also enhanced in response to co-application of Si and NO under As stress. Results obtained were more pronounced when Si and NO were applied in combination under As stress, as compared to their individual application. In short, the current study highlights that Si and NO synergistically regulate plant growth through lowering the As-mediated oxidative stress by upregulating the metabolites content, activity of antioxidative enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants in radish plants.
Incubation of cucumber cotyledons with fusicoccin increasedtheir fresh weights and chlorophyll levels and this effect wasenhanced by KCl. Addition of fusicoccin to this combinationincreased fresh weights but decreased chlorophyll levels. Thissuggests that the effects of fusiccocin on these two processesare probably mediated via different mechanisms. (Received January 4, 1982; Accepted March 25, 1982) 相似文献
Administration of phenobarbitone caused a marked increase in the capacity of rat brain microsomes to produce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in vitro. Enzymatic peroxidation of lipids was more affected than the nonenzymatic processes occurring in heat-inactivated preparations. Analysis of the phospholipid profile showed a drastic decrease in phosphatidylcholine and total phospholipid contents in the exposed animals, but about a fivefold increase in the lysophosphatidylcholine fraction. Data for in vivo incorporation of [14C]choline showed a similar pattern of high radioactivity in lysolecithin. The increase in lipid peroxidation could be related to the higher level of lysolecithin and the accompanying structural and functional changes in microsomes resulting from the neurotoxic effects of phenobarbitone. 相似文献
Abstract: The effect of a number of nucleotides and related compounds on glutamine synthetase (GS) induction in retina from 12-day chick embryo was studied with both biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. A number of these compounds gave rise to GS activity comparable to that induced by treatment with cortisol, which is known to give rise to precocious induction of the enzyme in this system. Of the cyclic nucleotides examined, cAMP (0.5-1.2 × 10?3 M) gave essentially no increase in GS activity. In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP (0.8 × 10?3 M) had a more significant effect on GS activity, as did 8-bromo-cAMP and cGMP at the same concentration. The activity elicited by these nucleotides was generally half that obtained by treatment with 2.8 × 10?7 M-cortisol for the same length of time, 8-Bromo-cGMP (0.8 × 10?3 M) had an effect comparable to the aforementioned concentration of cortisol. Since phosphodiesterase activity is minimal in the chick retina at 12 days of development, addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (1 × 10?5 M) to this system had, as would be expected, little effect on GS activity. Of the noncyclic compounds, 8-bromoguanosine often gave rise to GS activity comparable to that obtained with cortisol. The other compounds (8-bromo-5′-GMP, guanosine, adenosine, and 5′-AMP) generally had less of an effect on GS. In general, the degree of staining in the immunohistochemical localization of GS corresponded well with the biochemical results and showed the enzyme to be present in regions consistent with the distribution of Muller cells and their processes. Thin-layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay of the nucleotides did not show any steroid impurity in any of the compounds used in the study, even when determinations were carried out at five times the concentration of nucleotide used in the experiments. 相似文献