Analysis of Events Associated with Serum Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis in C3H/Sol8 Muscle Satellite Cells

Satellite cells are the source of new muscle fibers in postnatal skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Regulation of satellite cell survival is of fundamental importance in maintaining normal muscle function. Here we describe and characterize a tissue culture model of satellite cell apoptosis. Kinetic studies indicate that serum deprivation triggers a set of sequential events: early cell death, transient cell cycle traverse, and delayed cell death. The satellite cell death occurs by apoptosis based on the internucleosomal DNA laddering,in situDNA end-labeling, and the requirements forde novoprotein synthesis and extracellular calcium influx. The transient period of cell cycle progression (7–11 h after serum withdrawal) is accompanied by temporal induction of members of the immediate early gene family, such as c-myc,c-fos,and SRF, and appears to precede the delayed phase of cell death. Satellite cell apoptosis can be suppressed by several growth factors and by blocking the activity of calpain, a calcium-regulated protease. The late phase of apoptosis is marked by selective activation of ubiquitin-mediated protein conjugation and degradation. This study defines several control points where satellite cell apoptosis may be genetically or pharmacologically intervened.     

Mineral composition of cultured Ginseng cells]

The contents of macroelements and microelements in ginseng roots and callus cultures was determined by atom absorption spectroscopy. Ginseng cells and tissues were shown to accumulate considerable amounts of microelements. The content of six of eleven mineral components studied (K, Ca, Na, Mo, Mn, and Cr) in callus cultures was higher than that in roots of agricultural ginseng plants. We revealed good correlations between the contents of microelements (K, Ca, and Mg), as well as between the concentrations of macroelements (Mo, Li, Cu, and Cr) in ginseng cultures. The ability to accumulate elements varied between ginseng species, which was probably related to their genetic features. Our findings indicate that cultured ginseng cells hold much promise as the source of microelements.     

Mineral Composition of Cultured Ginseng Cells

The contents of macroelements and microelements in ginseng roots and callus cultures was determined by atom absorption spectroscopy. Ginseng cells and tissues were shown to accumulate considerable amounts of microelements. The content of six of the eleven mineral components studied (K, Ca, Na, Mo, Mn, and Cr) in callus cultures was higher than that in roots of agricultural ginseng plants. We revealed good correlations between the contents of microelements (K, Ca, and Mg), as well as between the concentrations of macroelements (Mo, Li, Cu, and Cr), in ginseng cultures. The ability to accumulate elements varied between ginseng species, which was probably related to their genetic features. Our findings indicate that cultured ginseng cells hold much promise as a source of microelements.     

Experimental study on the effect of low molecular DNA from salmon milt in pseudotuberculosis infection]

The effect of low molecular DNA from salmon milt (nDNA) in experimental pseudotuberculosis in mice was studied. When nDNA was admiministered orally, dissemination of the organs by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis lowered and the survival of the animals infected with 100-percent lethal dose of the bacteria increased. nDNA decreased contamination of the epithelial cells by the microbe in vitro and prevented the lethal effect of the Y. pseudotuberculosis toxins on the mice.     

Liposome-incorporated interferon. The design of liposomal interferon

To develop bound interferon, purified phospholipids (PL), obtained from waste products of soy-bean oil production, were chosen as lipid carries. The method for the development of the liposomal interferon complex was proposed. As shown in this study, with regard to the composition of the most significant PL fractions the carrier obtained from waste products of soy-bean processing proved to be more acceptable for humans than egg-yolk PL, traditionally used in practical liposomology. The advantage of the purified concentrate of waste products of soy-bean oil production was its greater affinity with the PL fraction profile of human internal organs (the liver, the kidneys) than the composition of PL of animal origin. The dispersion and stability of interferon-containing liposomes was evaluated. The interferon incorporation coefficient of soy-bean PL proved to exceed that of egg-yolk PL.     

Interferon incorporated into liposomes. A method for the design of homologous and heterologous liposomes and the control of their in-vivo permeability]

The specific features of the fatty acid composition of phospholipid carriers obtained from raw materials of vegetable and animal origin were studied. Differences in the enrichment of phospholipids of different origin with polyene fatty acids were shown. The method for obtaining fluoroliposomes incorporating such components as phospholipids of mouse organs, egg yolk, etc. were proposed. The study proved that the homology of the lipid base of liposomes facilitated their binding by tropic organs and more rapid liberation of the blood stream from them. The selection of lipid carriers and their sources was determined by their uniformity, morpho-functional importance, phospholipid and fatty acid composition, as well as their homology as regards their composition features.