桃红颈天牛成虫的交配行为及对不同寄主植物的栖落和产卵选择性

【目的】桃红颈天牛Aromia bungii是一种钻蛀性害虫,主要以蔷薇科果树和观赏树木为寄主。本研究旨在搞清楚桃红颈天牛成虫的交配产卵行为及其对不同寄主植物的栖落和产卵选择性。【方法】选择苹果Malus pumila、山樱花Prunus serrulata var. spontanea、桃Prunus persica、西府海棠Malus micromalus、毛樱桃Prunus tomentosa、秋子梨Pyrus ussuriensis、杏Prunus armeniaca和红叶李Prunus cerasifera var. atropurea 8种寄主植物木段,构建为成虫的活动场所,观察桃红颈天牛成虫的交配和产卵行为,并测定桃红颈天牛成虫在不同寄主木段上的栖落数量和产卵量。【结果】桃红颈天牛成虫的交配行为分为避让、打斗和交配3种行为。交配过程可分为相遇抱对、插入输精、交配后陪护3个阶段。桃红颈天牛雌虫产卵时无刻槽行为,喜欢将卵产于较为狭窄的缝隙中。雌虫偏好在桃树木段上栖落,雄虫则偏好在毛樱桃木段上栖落。李亚科李属的桃是桃红颈天牛最喜欢的产卵寄主木段,而雌虫在苹果亚科的苹果、海棠和秋子梨木段上产卵极少。相关性分析结果表明雌虫在寄主木段上的栖落数量与产卵量占比间存在正相关性,雄虫在寄主木段上的栖落数量与雌虫在寄主木段上的栖落数量之间也存在正相关性。【结论】桃红颈天牛雌成虫最喜欢桃树木段,雄虫对寄主植物的选择性与雌虫并不完全相同。     

Preparation of fermentation-processed chitin and its application in chitinase affinity adsorption

A fermentation approach utilizing Paenibacillus sp. to process chitin was developed. The chitin obtained from this process is called fermentation-processed chitin (FPC), and it was further investigated with chitinase affinity adsorption studies together with three other adsorbents, i.e. crab shell chitin, colloid chitin, and enzyme-processed chitin. The results showed that FPC had the highest chitinase adsorption capacity. Under 15 °C and pH 5.0, FPC exhibited an optimal chitinase adsorption capacity of 85.9 U/g, which was 61.9% higher than that of the colloidal chitin. With 0.02 M acetic acid as the eluent, a purification-fold of 10.3 with 97% chitinase recovery was obtained. The results of surface morphology studies indicated that the FPC surface was modified to a fiber-like structure with deep pores. In comparison with the surface morphology of enzyme-processed chitin and colloidal chitin, it is inferred that the enhanced adsorption capacity of FPC for chitinase is attributed to both the effects of chitinase hydrolysis and the bacterial modification.     

Studies of five microelement contents in human serum,hair, and fingernails correlated with aged hypertension and coronary heart disease

Context: Complementary alternative medicine therapies based on the use of cesium chloride preparations for the treatment of cancer and radiation poisoning, have generated therapeutic interest; but oral or intravenous administration of cesium chloride (CsCl) to cancer patients as an alternative mode of cancer therapy have not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Objective: Cesium (Cs) levels from human tissue were measured to determine exposure to an alternative medical treatment. Cesium levels are reported from two patients who were administered cesium chloride in conjunction with aloe vera as part of an alternative cancer treatment. Design: The samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction. As a reference, Cs was also determined in brain, liver, kidney, and whole blood from control case materials retrieved from the National Tissue Repository of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Results: High levels of cesium were found in brain, liver, kidney, bile, gastric content, and whole blood collected at autopsy as compared to reference levels. The administration of cesium chloride resulted in blood levels a factor of 1100 higher than normal. The highest Cs concentrations were found in the liver (1029 μg/g, dry wt), followed by the kidney (815 μg/g, dry wt) and brain (219 μg/g, dry wt). Conclusion: The high accumulation in the liver suggests that hepatotoxicity from Cs might be an initial presenting symptom in Cs-poisoning cases. This is the first report describing two cases with high Cs levels in human tissues. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.     

不同类型虾池的理化因子及浮游植物群落的调查

于2001年10月和2002年4月两次调查分析了高位池、低位池两种类型的南美白对虾养殖池的理化因子及浮游植物群落的特征.结果表明:低位池的营养盐浓度普遍高于高位池,而高位虾池的盐度则高于低位.盐度是影响两类虾池浮游植物群落特征的主要因素.盐度较小(<5)的养殖池中,蓝藻占优势,主要为微囊藻、平裂藻、水花束丝藻、色球藻等;盐度介于10～30的池中,硅藻占优势,主要为舟形藻、桥弯藻等.     

Rhododendron liboense，a new species of the Ericaceae from Guizhou，China

Abstract Rhododendron liboense,a new species of the Ericaceae from Libo County,Guizhou,Chi-na,is described and illustrated.This species is related to R.huianum Fang in having inflorescence terminal,corolla pink,broadly campanulate,ovary densely white glan     

The first Toll receptor from the triangle-shell pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

Toll receptor was first discovered in Drosophila and has an important function in the innate immunity of invertebrates. In this study, the Toll receptor HcToll1 from Hyriopsis cumingii with a full length of 3810 bp consisting of a 3687 bp ORF that encodes a total of 1228 amino acids protein was selected for further study. The HcToll1 protein consisted of a signal peptide, 17 LRR domains, 2 LRRCT domains, 1 LRRNT domain, 1 TM domain, and 1 TIR domain. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that HcToll1 was clustered in one group together with other mollusca tolls. RT-PCR analysis results showed that HcToll1 was expressed in all tested tissues such as hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, and mantle. qRT-PCR analysis results showed that HcToll1 expression was increased by the presence of Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguillarum, Staphyloccocus aureus, and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Over-expression of HcTIR could up-regulate expression of drosomycin gene in Drosophila S2 cells. The results of our study indicated that HcToll1 is a functional Toll and it has an important function in the generation of innate immune responses of H. cumingii against microbial challenge.     

不同碳水化合物水平饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长及部分生理生化指标的影响

以等脂肪（7.5%）、饲料碳水化合物水平分别为13.82%、19.41%、25.72%、31.80%及38.2%的5组实验饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）（初始体重0.17±0.00g）8周。实验结果表明,最低碳水化合物饲料组成活率最低,其余各组间差异不显著。当饲料碳水化合物从13.82%升高到25.72%,而饲料蛋白从45.86%降低到37.82%时,对虾特定生长率差异不显著（p>0.05）。饲料碳水化合物水平显著影响了对虾血糖、血清蛋白浓度及肠道可溶性蛋白含量（p<0.05）,其含量均为最低碳水化合物饲料组最低,血糖浓度在饲料碳水化合物25.72%时达最高,随饲料碳水化合物的进一步升高其含量保持不变。虾体粗脂肪和能量有随饲料碳水化合物的升高有升高的趋势。以上结果表明：在本实验条件下,饲料中碳水化合物含量为13.82%时不能满足凡纳滨对虾的正常需要,饲料碳水化合物对蛋白质有一定的节约作用。