Anticancer and cytotoxic effects of troxerutin on HeLa cell line: an in-vitro model of cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is one of the grave uterine tumors which leads to death in women worldwide. Troxerutin (TRX) as a bioflavonoid compound has many pharmacological effects such as anti-neoplastic, radioprotective, and anti-cancer. The present study was designed to examine the cytotoxic effect of TRX on human HeLa tumor cells. Human HeLa cells were cultured and treated with different doses of TRX (20–640?mg/ml) to evaluate the effective half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) after 24?h. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was used for cell proliferation assay. Also, the Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protein expression levels were detected with immunoblotting analysis. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels were measured via their commercial kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that TRX at 320?mg/ml concentration (IC₅₀) has a growth inhibitory effect against HeLa cells at 24?h treatment (P???0.01). Moreover, it increased the MDA concentration and also decreased the GPx and SOD activity levels at 320?mg/ml concentration versus control (P?<?0.001). Also, TRX significantly up-regulated the Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and TNF-α proteins expression levels (P ?<??0.01) and down-regulated the Bcl-2 protein expression in HeLa tumor cells at 320?mg/ml concentration compared to control (P?<?0.05). Our study showed that 24?h of treatment with TRX (320?mg/ml) has apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects against HeLa cells. It can induce inflammation (at least via up-regulating the TNF-α protein expression) and oxidative stress in human HeLa cells.

     

The effect of oleuropein on unilateral ureteral obstruction induced-kidney injury in rats: the role of oxidative stress,inflammation and apoptosis

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The effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells treated with 17-b estradiol on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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