Alteration by dinitrocresol of pathways for glucose oxidation in eggs of arbacia punctulata

1. The C¹⁴O₂ production by Arbacia eggs and embryos from glucose-1-C¹⁴, glucose-2-C¹⁴, and glucose-6-C¹⁴ has been measured without and with dinitrocresol in the incubation medium. In the absence of the dinitrocresol, the C¹⁴O₂ production from glucose-1-C¹⁴ is more rapid than from glucose-2-C¹⁴ and much more rapid than from glucose-6-C¹⁴; this, together with previous findings, indicates that glucose is utilized in Arbacia eggs predominantly via the TPN shunt rather than via the aldolase step of the glycolytic pathway. In the presence of the dinitrocresol, C¹⁴O₂ from glucose-6-C¹⁴ approaches that from glucose-1-C¹⁴, indicating that, in the presence of this reagent, glucose utilization is diverted from the shunt to the glycolytic pathway. 2. Incorporation of C¹⁴ from glucose labelled in the 1-, 2-, or 6- positions into other metabolic products of the eggs and embryos is also inhibited by dinitrocresol, particularly incorporation into the acid-insoluble fraction containing nucleoproteins.     

Action of nitro- and halophenols upon oxygen consumption and phosphorylation by a cell-free particulate system from arbacia eggs

1. The ability of 4,6-dinitrocresol and eight other substituted phenols to stimulate oxygen uptake and inhibit phosphorylation by a cell-free particulate system from unfertilized Arbacia eggs has been determined. Five of those agents can produce both stimulation of oxygen consumption and inhibition of phosphorylation; one inhibits both oxygen consumption and phosphorylation; and two have no effect on either oxygen consumption or phosphorylation. In every case the effects of these substituted phenols upon the cell-free particulate systems parallel those upon oxygen consumption and cleavage in the intact fertilized Arbacia eggs. 2. The data suggest that energy for cleavage of the Arbacia egg is provided at least in part by oxidative phosphorylation and that substituted phenols may block cleavage by interfering with generation and transfer of high-energy phosphate groups.     

L<Subscript>2</Subscript>-norm multiple kernel learning and its application to biomedical data fusion

Background  

This paper introduces the notion of optimizing different norms in the dual problem of support vector machines with multiple kernels. The selection of norms yields different extensions of multiple kernel learning (MKL) such as L _∞, L ₁, and L ₂ MKL. In particular, L ₂ MKL is a novel method that leads to non-sparse optimal kernel coefficients, which is different from the sparse kernel coefficients optimized by the existing L _∞ MKL method. In real biomedical applications, L ₂ MKL may have more advantages over sparse integration method for thoroughly combining complementary information in heterogeneous data sources.     

Comparative analysis of DNA polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships among Syzygium cumini Skeels based on phenotypic characters and RAPD technique

The Indian black berry (Syzygium cumini Skeels) has a great nutraceutical and medicinal properties. As in other fruit crops, the fruit characteristics are important attributes for differentiation were also determined for different accessions of S. cumini. The fruit weight, length, breadth, length: breadth ratio, pulp weight, pulp content, seed weight and pulp: seed ratio significantly varied in different accessions. Molecular characterization was carried out using PCR based RAPD technique. Out of 80 RAPD primers, only 18 primers produced stable polymorphisms that were used to examine the phylogenetic relationship. A sum of 207 loci were generated out of which 201 loci found polymorphic. The average genetic dissimilarity was 97 per cent among jamun accessions. The phylogenetic relationship was also determined by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) that explained 46.95 per cent cumulative variance. The two-dimensional PCoA analysis showed grouping of the different accessions that were plotted into four sub-plots, representing clustering of accessions. The UPGMA (r = 0.967) and NJ (r = 0.987) dendrogram constructed based on the dissimilarity matrix revealed a good degree of fit with the cophenetic correlation value. The dendrogram grouped the accessions into three main clusters according to their eco-geographical regions which given useful insight into their phylogenetic relationships.     

不同耕作措施对冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作系统土壤有机碳和水分利用效率的影响

在连续8年田间定位试验的基础上,分析了关中平原冬小麦 夏玉米复种连作系统2008—2009年连续两个生长季期间不同耕作措施(结合秸秆还田和不还田)对土壤有机碳和水分利用率的影响.结果表明: 相对于传统耕作,保护性耕作有利于土壤有机碳、水分利用效率和作物产量的提高,其中在“深松+秸秆还田”耕作模式下的增幅最高,土壤有机碳含量在0～30 cm土层增幅达到19.5%,水分利用效率和作物产量提高了16.9%和20.5%,而免耕模式则有效提高了0～10 cm土层有机碳含量.在该地区土壤和气候条件下,深松结合秸秆粉碎还田是最理想的耕作模式,最有利于土壤有机碳累积,并提高水分利用效率和作物产量.