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STANISLAW OSOWSKI KAZIMIERZ BRUDZEWSKI TOMASZ MARKIEWICZ JAN ULACZYK 《Journal of sensory studies》2008,23(4):533-557
The article presents the neural methods of calibration of gas sensors for use in an artificial electronic nose for gas measurements. Different neural network solutions will be presented and compared. They include the classical multilayer perceptron, neuro-fuzzy networks and support vector machines. The other aspect illustrated in the article is the introductory preprocessing of the measured sensor signals in order to attain the highest possible efficiency of the gas measuring system. The theoretical considerations will be supported by the numerical experiments concerning the application of the electronic nose. The first practical aspect is concerned with the application of the developed system for classification problems and will be illustrated in the examples of the recognition of the biocomponents in the gasoline and the recognition of smells of cosmetic cream at the aging process. The second one belongs to the estimation problem and is concerned with the determination of the concentration of the particular gas components in the mixture of gases.
The results presented in the article may find practical application for calibration of the electronic nose in gas measurements. The electronic nose is widely used for smell recognition. It may find practical application in the petroleum, cosmetics or food industry for the assessment of the quality of their products. Military application is also of great interest. 相似文献
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
The results presented in the article may find practical application for calibration of the electronic nose in gas measurements. The electronic nose is widely used for smell recognition. It may find practical application in the petroleum, cosmetics or food industry for the assessment of the quality of their products. Military application is also of great interest. 相似文献
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RNA of Australia Antigen 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
WLADYLSAW JÓZWIAK JERZY KOŚCIELAK KAZIMIERZ MADALIŃSKI WITOLD JÓZEF BRZOSKO ADAM NOWOSŁAWSKI MAREK KŁOCZEWIAK 《Nature: New biology》1971,229(3):92-94
ALTHOUGH the exact nature of Australia (Au) antigen is not resolved, increasing evidence suggests that it is the causal agent of viral hepatitis. This supposition is based chiefly on the frequent occurrence of Au antigen in the sera of patients with viral hepatitis1–4 and on its virus-like appearance under the electron microscope5–7. Biochemical studies have shown that Au antigen consists largely of protein, with a minor lipid moiety8, 9. So far, however, no genetic material has been detected in the Au antigen and it has been suggested that the Au antigen might be “a unique infectious particle with little or no nucleic acid”10. We wish to present evidence, however, that RNA is an essential component of Au antigen. 相似文献
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The action potential (AP) in Lupinus stem was produced by electricalstimulation. The block was accomplished by tightening a nylonthread looped around the stem. The character of tissue damagein the blocked area was observed in microscopic sections. Itwas found that the AP propagation in the block and beyond dependedon the degree of compression, i. e. on the extent of damageto stem tissues within the block. With a slight tightening onlyAP retardation occurs within the block. With astrong tightening, in which tissue damage reaches the externallayers of phloemcells, there is a total extinction or arrestof the AP in the block. Beyond the block there occur extrinsicpotentials (EPs) which have the character of electrotonic potentials.Under certain conditions the excitation may pass through sucha block. Then the AP propagation beyond the block reveals acomplex character. It may be assumed that AP propagation inthe Lupinus stem occurs on the principle of electrotonic currentswith the participation of many (probably all) cells of the primarycortex. 相似文献
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TREBACZ KAZIMIERZ; FENSOM D. S.; HARRIS ANDREW; ZAWADZKI TADEUSZ 《Journal of experimental botany》1988,39(11):1561-1573
Using NaH 14CO3 (0.1 to 3.0 mol m 3) fed to 5.0 mm ofan internodal cell of Nitella flexilis in artificial pond waterat pH 6.8 and 1925 °C, we have found that the carbohydrates(lactose, xylose, mannose, galactoseand sucrose) are formedby photo-assimilation from 14C-DIC (dissolved organic carbon)in 1 h and are carried in the cytoplasm with amino acids (glutamineand alanine in particular) to the node attached to a tandeminternodal cell. These small sacchandes and some amino acidspassed, apparently unchanged, across the node into the sinkcell. Influx of DIC was highly sensitive to inhibitors of photosystemsI and II (at concentrations around 1.0 mol m3) and touncouplers of phosphorylation. Most influx inhibitors, exceptfor NaN3, also reduced % transnodal transport. NH4+ (1.0 to5.0 mol m3) appeared to reduce % transport in light (butnot in dark) with much less effect on influx. Dinitrophenoland Na citrate (at pH 8.2) also strongly reduced apparent %transport without altering cytoplasmic streaming rates. Someof the apparent reduction of transport could be due to an alterationof metabolism or of sequestering in the feed cell, but withNH4+ the latter was not detectable. Our findings support thehypothesis that transnodal transport, including that via theplasmodesmata, is at least partly active and requiresmetabolic energy to sustain it. Key words: Inhibitors, influx, plasmodesmata, nodal transport, 14C, 36Cl 相似文献
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