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KAMEMOTO FRED I.; KATO KENNETH N.; TUCKER LOIS E. 《Integrative and comparative biology》1966,6(2):213-219
The possible role of the neurosecretory system in regulationof salt and water has been studied in the annelids and crustaceans.In the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, a brain factor influences'the salt and osmotic concentration of the blood and coelomicfluid. Removal of the brain results in the increase of waterinflux with a decrease in the salt and osmotic concentrationsof the body fluids. The decreases in salt and osmotic concentrationscan be prevented by the implantation of the brain or the injectionof brain homogenates. In the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, a factor, presumablysecreted in the brain and released in the eyestalk, seems tomaintain the normal permeability of the body surfaces to water.Eyestalk removal, which eliminates the release site, resultsin the increased influx of water with a decrease in the saltconcentration of the blood. A brain factor also seems to beinvolved in maintaining the sodium and osmotic concentrationsof the blood. In the semi-terrestrial grapsid crab, Metopograpsus messor,the thoracic ganglion, under the control of an eyestalk element,secretes a factor involved in increasing the permeability ofthe body surfaces to water. The removal of the eyestalks, theimplantation of the thoracic ganglion, or the injection of extractsof thoracic ganglia, results in changes in the osmotic concentrationof the blood tending toward that of the medium. In all threespecies studied, the neuroendocrine factors seem to be involvedprimarily in the regulation of the permeability of the bodysurfaces to water. 相似文献
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Experimental evidences for neuroendocrine control of osmoreregulationin decapod crustaceans are mounting. The eyestalk system, brainand thoracic ganglionic centers, and the pericardial organ appearto be involved in this control. Evidences based on experimentationwith eyestalk removal and the injection of extracts of neuroendocrinecenters are presented. Neuroendocrine extracts affect the movementsof salts and water in the gills, stomach, intestine and antennalglands. The pericardial organ material may affect osmoregulationby increasing rate of circulation and influencing salt movement. Three factors have been partially separated from CNS tissues.A factor of the freshwater crayfish, and other freshwater decapods,increases the influx of salt. Two factors from an estuarinecrab influence the movement of water, an acetone-soluble factorincreasing its influx and a water-soluble factor decreasinginflux and increasing efflux. The factors may be involved inthe adaptation of the animals to their osmotic environments. None of the factors have yet been identified in circulationnor in effector tissues. Future research must place specialemphasis on the identification of the CNS factors in circulationas well as in secretory cells and effector tissues to establishtheir true hormonal nature. 相似文献
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