Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus): Important wintering sites and breeding records in the United Arab Emirates

Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) monitoring was undertaken in the United Arab Emirates from 2003 to 2015 at 36 permanent sites to find key wintering and breeding sites. Bul Syayeef Marine Protected Area with monthly mean of 6553 (±3594) flamingos followed by Al Wathba Wetland Reserve with 1228 (±1190) flamingos topped the list. In addition, Shahama Wetland and Al Aryam Mudflats in Abu Dhabi Emirate form a complex of four nearby sites that hold the majority of nearly 15,000–20,000 birds wintering in the country. Lagoons (Khors) in the northern emirates are the other key wintering sites, that suffer habitat destruction and high disturbance. Breeding has been sporadic and infrequent since the first breeding attempt in 1993. Greater Flamingos have bred successfully only in the Abu Dhabi Emirate on 10 occasions at three sites with the highest eight breeding attempts at Al Wathba and one each at Shahama and Bul Syayeef. A total of 1,972 young have fledged with a high overall breeding success of 43%. The highest number of 801 young fledged at Bul Syayeef in 2009 followed by 420 at Al Wathba in 2015 and 350 at Shahama in 2007. Successful breeding occurred both in summer and winter seasons, breeding attempts were more (58%) in summer compared to winter. Flamingos have bred regularly at Al Wathba Wetland Reserve since 2011, this was made possible due to the provision of an artificial island to aid nesting and better control of predators. Breeding is successful at sites that maintain higher bird numbers and are free from disturbance.     

A prospective study on elderly patients with facial fractures in a developing country

Background: This paper describes the incidence, aetiology, treatment and complications of facial fractures seen among the elderly in a developing country. Methods: A prospective study evaluated 85 patients over 60 years of age who were diagnosed with facial fractures over a period of 12 months in 23 public hospitals nationwide. Results: The elderly accounted for 4.5% of the total number of patients seen with facial fractures during the study period. Elderly men outnumbered women by a ratio of 4.31:1. Of the elderly patients, 35.3% had at least one medical condition, the commonest of which was hypertension. Road traffic accidents were the main cause of injury. The fractures were treated in only 26.2% of cases. Complications were uncommon. Conclusions: With a low incidence, and conservative treatment often being practised, the healthcare burden of treating facial fractures among the elderly in Malaysia is at present still low.     

烟草黄矮双生病毒中双向启动子的活性及其调节控制

将烟草黄矮双生病毒（ＴｏｂＹＤＶ）中双向启动子的区域,以不同长度的片段和方向插入启动子分析载体ｐＧ１,与ＧＵＳ报道基因和ＮＯＳ终止子融合。同时,将各个ＴｏｂＹＤＶ读码框区域插入表达载体ｐＡＲＴ７中,置于ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子和ＯＣＳ终止子之间。用电穿孔法将各种启动子构建物个别地或者与读码框构建物成对地导入烟草和玉米原生质体,以考察ＴｏｂＹＤＶ启动子控制下ＧＵＳ基因瞬间表达的活性,以及ＴｏｂＹＤＶ的读