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Ostaizka Aizpurua Inazio Garin Antton Alberdi Egoitz Salsamendi Hans Baag?e Joxerra Aihartza 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
The long-fingered bat Myotis capaccinii is a European trawling bat reported to feed on fish in several Mediterranean locations, but the ecological circumstances of this behavior have not yet been studied. To elucidate the importance of fishing in this bat''s diet, we evaluated the frequency and seasonal variation of fish remains in 3,000 fecal pellets collected from M. capaccinii at a nursery roost in Dénia (Eastern Iberian Peninsula) in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Fish consumption occurred evenly throughout the year. All otoliths found in feces were identified as belonging to the surface-feeding fish Gambusia holbrooki. Measuring otoliths, we estimated that the mean size of consumed fish was significantly smaller than the mean measured for available fish, suggesting that the long-fingered bat''s relatively small body may constrain its handling of larger prey. Of note, one bat had eaten 15 fish, showing that fish may be a locally or seasonally important trophic resource for this species. By capturing 15 bats and radio-tracking the four with the most fish remains in their droppings, we also identified fishing areas, including a single fishing ground comprising several ponds within a golf course. Ponds hold a high density of G. holbrooki, suggesting that the amount of fish at the water surface may be the principal factor triggering fishing. The observed six-fold increase in percentage of consumed fish across the study period may be related to recent pond-building in the area. We discuss whether this quick behavioral response is a novel feature of M. capaccinii or an intrinsic feature that has erupted and faded locally along the species'' history. 相似文献
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Almenar David Aihartza Joxerra Goiti Urtzi Salsamendi Egoitz Garin Inazio 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2011,57(4):929-937
Spatial dynamics of foraging long-fingered bats (Myotis capaccinii) were studied in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula. We analysed the locations of 45 radio-tracked individuals during three discrete
periods through the breeding season and measured the spatial parameters related to their foraging behaviour in order to test
whether variations in spatial use occur. Colony range, measured as the minimum convex polygon through all the radiolocations,
was 345 km2, but the area used during each period was smaller. During pre-breeding, foraging bats gathered at two stretches of different
tributary rivers; during lactation, they scattered throughout the river system; and during weaning, they aggregated at a stretch
of the main river. Individuals on average flew 5.7 km from roosts to foraging areas, with a maximum absolute distance of 22.7 km.
Individual foraging ranges were measured linearly, because the bats foraged mostly along rivers; their values averaged 1.3 km/night
and overlapped extensively between neighbouring bats (>65% on average). The sampling period, rather than the bats’ reproductive
status, age, or sex, explained the observed variability in spatial distribution and size of hunting sites. We did not find
differences in spatial parameters between lactating females and non-lactating bats, nor between juveniles and adults. This
is the first study to split the independent effects of season and population class in order to enable unconfounded interpretations
of the spatial dynamics of foraging reproductive females and juveniles. We speculate that the relationship between colony
size and prey availability ruled the observed changes in foraging area through seasons. The considerable overlap in individual
foraging ranges may be a necessary adaption to large colonies forced by the specific roost requirements of the long-fingered
bat and the narrow foraging niche they appear to occupy. 相似文献
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Antton?Alberdi Ostaizka?Aizpurua Joxerra?Aihartza Inazio?GarinEmail author 《Frontiers in zoology》2014,11(1):77
Several alpine vertebrates share a distribution pattern that extends across the South-western Palearctic but is limited to the main mountain massifs. Although they are usually regarded as cold-adapted species, the range of many alpine vertebrates also includes relatively warm areas, suggesting that factors beyond climatic conditions may be driving their distribution. In this work we first recognize the species belonging to the mentioned biogeographic group and, based on the environmental niche analysis of Plecotus macrobullaris, we identify and characterize the environmental factors constraining their ranges. Distribution overlap analysis of 504 European vertebrates was done using the Sorensen Similarity Index, and we identified four birds and one mammal that share the distribution with P. macrobullaris. We generated 135 environmental niche models including different variable combinations and regularization values for P. macrobullaris at two different scales and resolutions. After selecting the best models, we observed that topographic variables outperformed climatic predictors, and the abruptness of the landscape showed better predictive ability than elevation. The best explanatory climatic variable was mean summer temperature, which showed that P. macrobullaris is able to cope with mean temperature ranges spanning up to 16C. The models showed that the distribution of P. macrobullaris is mainly shaped by topographic factors that provide rock-abundant and open-space habitats rather than climatic determinants, and that the species is not a cold-adapted, but rather a cold-tolerant eurithermic organism. P. macrobullaris shares its distribution pattern as well as several ecological features with five other alpine vertebrates, suggesting that the conclusions obtained from this study might be extensible to them. We concluded that rock-dwelling and open-space foraging vertebrates with broad temperature tolerance are the best candidates to show wide alpine distribution in the Western Palearctic. 相似文献
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Molecular analysis of diet overcomes the considerable limitations of traditional techniques for identifying prey remains in bat faeces. We collected faeces from individual Mountain Long-eared Bats Plecotus macrobullaris trapped using mist nets during the summers of 2009 and 2010 in the Pyrenees. We analysed their diet using DNA mini-barcodes to identify prey species. In addition, we inferred some basic features of the bat's foraging ecology that had not yet been addressed. P. macrobullaris fed almost exclusively on moths (97.8%). As prey we detected one dipteran genus (Tipulidae) and 29 moth taxa: 28 were identified at species level (23 Noctuidae, 1 Crambidae, 1 Geometridae, 1 Pyralidae, 1 Sphingidae, 1 Tortricidae), and one at genus level (Rhyacia sp., Noctuidae). Known ecological information about the prey species allowed us to determine that bats had foraged at elevations between 1,500 and 2,500 m amsl (above mean sea level), mostly in subalpine meadows, followed by other open habitats such as orophilous grasslands and alpine meadows. No forest prey species were identified in the diet. As 96.4% of identified prey species were tympanate moths and no evidence of gleaning behaviour was revealed, we suggest P. macrobullaris probably forages by aerial hawking using faint echolocation pulses to avoid detection by hearing moths. As we could identify 87.8% of the analysed sequences (64.1% of the MOTUs, Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units) at species level, we conclude that DNA mini-barcodes are a very useful tool to analyse the diet of moth-specialist bats. 相似文献
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Contrasting population‐level responses to Pleistocene climatic oscillations in an alpine bat revealed by complete mitochondrial genomes and evolutionary history inference 下载免费PDF全文
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Aitor Arrizabalaga‐Escudero Elizabeth L. Clare Egoitz Salsamendi Antton Alberdi Inazio Garin Joxerra Aihartza Urtzi Goiti 《Molecular ecology》2018,27(5):1273-1283
Niche partitioning through foraging is a mechanism likely involved in facilitating the coexistence of ecologically similar and co‐occurring animal species by separating their use of resources. Yet, this mechanism is not well understood in flying insectivorous animals. This is particularly true of bats, where many ecologically similar or cryptic species coexist. The detailed analysis of the foraging niche in sympatric, cryptic sibling species provides an excellent framework to disentangle the role of specific niche factors likely involved in facilitating coexistence. We used DNA metabarcoding to determine the prey species consumed by a population of sympatric sibling Rhinolophus euryale and Rhinolophus mehelyi whose use of habitat in both sympatric and allopatric ranges has been well established through radio tracking. Although some subtle dietary differences exist in prey species composition, the diet of both bats greatly overlapped (Ojk = 0.83) due to the consumption of the same common and widespread moths. Those dietary differences we did detect might be related to divergences in prey availabilities among foraging habitats, which prior radio tracking on the same population showed are differentially used and selected when both species co‐occur. This minor dietary segregation in sympatry may be the result of foraging on the same prey‐types and could contribute to reduce potential competitive interactions (e.g., for prey, acoustic space). Our results highlight the need to evaluate the spatial niche dimension in mediating the co‐occurrence of similar insectivorous bat species, a niche factor likely involved in processes of bat species coexistence. 相似文献
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Inazio?GarinEmail author Inigo?Zuberogoitia Jabi?Zabala Joxerra?Aihartza Anthony?P.?Clevenger Ana?Rallo 《Acta theriologica》2002,47(1):55-62
We radiotracked 7 European minkMustela lutreola Linnaeus, 1761 (5 males and 2 females), to determine their distribution, size and temporal changes of their home range in
an area of southwestern Europe, where American minkM. vison was not established. Size of home ranges varied from 11 to 17 km along watercourses in males and were 0.6 and 3.6 km in females.
Home ranges of males were larger than those found in previous studies. Most females captured (either radiotracked or not)
were found within the home range of males. Males occupied adjoining river sections with minimal range overlap, suggesting
an intrasexually exclusive spacing pattern for males. Each month males used new river stretches, mainly along tributaries;
meanwhile they showed a steady use of their stem river section. Resting sites were mainly beneath dense brambles ofRubus patches located in the river bank. 相似文献
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