Hypermétabolismes médullaires en TEP au 18F-FDG chez les patients atteints de cancer : signification et comparaison à l’IRM médullaire

Diffuse bone marrow uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET in cancer patients raises the problem of differential diagnosis between marrow involvement and stimulated marrow. In this study, we prospectively included, during a 1-year period, all cancer patients referred for initial staging showing an unexplained diffuse bone marrow uptake and explored consecutively by MRI. The abnormalities described on PET and the conclusion reached about disease status of bone marrow (“benign” or “malignant”) were compared with corresponding MRI results, as well as clinical and biological findings pertinent when bone marrow activity is studied, marrow status considered by referring clinicians, and follow-up data. During 1 year, 60 patients had diffuse bone marrow uptake on ¹⁸F-FDG-PET, 26 underwent MRI examination and were finally included in the study. Results of PET and MRI were concordant in 24 cases (six “malignant” and 18 “benign”) and two cases were discordant, judged “malignant” by MRI and “benign”by PET. The outcome after confrontation of MRI and PET, was “malignant”for one patient and “benign” for the other one. The final results, was “malignant” for seven patients and “benign” for 19 patients and this final diagnosis was retained by referring clinicians. Among the 19 patients with diffuse bone marrow uptake considered as benign, seven patients had a pejorative evolution and four of them developed osteomedullary metastases. In cancer patients, ¹⁸F-FDG-PET identify bone marrow diffuse uptake which seems to correspond well to abnormalities assessed on MRI studies. Notably, heterogenous 18F-FDG uptake and/or foci of increased uptake seems significative of marrow involvement. The limited population size and discordant published findings about bone marrow evaluation by ¹⁸F-FDG-PET compared with MRI can not permit to ensure that these imaging modalities or one of these are sufficient to assess bone marrow status without performing bone marrow biopsy. Some patients with unexplained diffuse bone marrow uptake develop disease progression, such observations could be interestingly assessed by further studies.     

NRP/Optineurin Cooperates with TAX1BP1 to Potentiate the Activation of NF-κB by Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax Protein

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a major survival pathway engaged by the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein. Tax1 activation of NF-κB occurs predominantly in the cytoplasm, where Tax1 binds NF-κB Essential Modulator (NEMO/IKKγ) and triggers the activation of IκB kinases. Several independent studies have shown that Tax1-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on Tax1 ubiquitination. Here, we identify by co-immunoprecipitation assays NEMO-Related Protein (NRP/Optineurin) as a binding partner for Tax1 in HTLV-1 infected and Tax1/NRP co-expressing cells. Immunofluorescence studies reveal that Tax1, NRP and NEMO colocalize in Golgi-associated structures. The interaction between Tax1 and NRP requires the ubiquitin-binding activity of NRP and the ubiquitination sites of Tax1. In addition, we observe that NRP increases the ubiquitination of Tax1 along with Tax1-dependent NF-κB signaling. Surprisingly, we find that in addition to Tax1, NRP interacts cooperatively with the Tax1 binding protein TAX1BP1, and that NRP and TAX1BP1 cooperate to modulate Tax1 ubiquitination and NF-κB activation. Our data strongly suggest for the first time that NRP is a critical adaptor that regulates the assembly of TAX1BP1 and post-translationally modified forms of Tax1, leading to sustained NF-κB activation.     

Laticola dae n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from Epinephelus maculatus (Perciformes: Serranidae) off New Caledonia

Laticola dae n. sp. is described from specimens collected from the gill-filaments of the highfin grouper Epinephelus maculatus, a coral reef fish caught off Nouméa, New Caledonia, South Pacific. The species is characterised by a spoon-shaped sclerotised male copulatory organ, with four thin walls and 73–m in outer length, and a sclerotised vagina in form of a disc, 16–m in diameter, with a smaller hemisphere on one side. Laticola Yang et al., 2006 was described to accommodate diplectanids from Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae); this is the first Laticola described from a serranid. Other diplectanids, including several species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958, were also found on the same species of fish; specimens of L. dae represented about half of the diplectanids collected; all other species were rare.

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Résumé Laticola dae n. sp. est décrit à partir de spécimens collectés sur les filaments branchiaux de la loche grisette, Epinephelus maculatus, un poisson de récif corallien pêché au large de Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique Sud. L’espèce est caractérisée par un organe copulateur mâle sclérifié en forme de cuiller, avec quatre parois fines, long de 73–m, et un vagin sclérifié en forme de disque, de diamètre 16–m, avec un hémisphère plus petit d’un côté. Laticola Yang et al., 2006 a été décrit pour rassembler des Diplectanidae de Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae) ; ceci est le premier Laticola décrit d’un Serranidae. D’autres Diplectanidae, y compris plusieurs espèces de Pseudorhabdosynochus, ont aussi été trouvés chez ce poisson ; les spécimens de L. dae représentaient environ la moitié des Diplectanidae récoltés, toutes les autres espèces étaient rares.

     

A Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster Model To Study Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Oncoprotein Tax-1-Driven Transformation In Vivo

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is an aggressive malignancy. HTLV-2 is genetically related to HTLV-1 but does not cause any malignant disease. HTLV-1 Tax transactivator (Tax-1) contributes to leukemogenesis via NF-κB. We describe transgenic Drosophila models expressing Tax in the compound eye and plasmatocytes. We demonstrate that Tax-1 but not Tax-2 induces ommatidial perturbation and increased plasmatocyte proliferation and that the eye phenotype is dependent on Kenny (IKKγ/NEMO), thus validating this new in vivo model.     

Correction to: Identification of adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate as NPP1 inhibitor attenuates NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes

Purinergic Signalling - The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error.     

Identification of adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate as NPP1 inhibitor attenuates NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes

Purinergic Signalling - Overproduction of extracellular diphosphate due to hydrolysis of ATP by NPP1 leads to pathological calcium diphosphate (pyrophosphate) dihydrate deposition (CPPD)...