全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11797篇 |
免费 | 1075篇 |
国内免费 | 386篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 45篇 |
2022年 | 129篇 |
2021年 | 280篇 |
2020年 | 240篇 |
2019年 | 306篇 |
2018年 | 372篇 |
2017年 | 316篇 |
2016年 | 460篇 |
2015年 | 663篇 |
2014年 | 751篇 |
2013年 | 812篇 |
2012年 | 1084篇 |
2011年 | 1009篇 |
2010年 | 665篇 |
2009年 | 612篇 |
2008年 | 753篇 |
2007年 | 688篇 |
2006年 | 575篇 |
2005年 | 561篇 |
2004年 | 603篇 |
2003年 | 505篇 |
2002年 | 441篇 |
2001年 | 288篇 |
2000年 | 231篇 |
1999年 | 194篇 |
1998年 | 88篇 |
1997年 | 79篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 37篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 44篇 |
1991年 | 43篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1971年 | 9篇 |
1967年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
In a study of the effect of glycerin in transport media on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella, it was found that a concentration of 30% glycerin was highly inhibitory for V. parahaemolyticus and to a lesser degree for Salmonella. The incorporation of peptone or human feces in media did not reduce the inhibitory effect of glycerin. In media with 15% glycerin, viable counts of V. parahaemolyticus and Salmonella increased after 24 hr of incubation both in the presence and absence of feces. Due to the concurrent increase in the total bacterial count in the media containing feces, no enrichment effect was noted. 相似文献
2.
Novel Method for Detection of Butanolides in Streptomyces coelicolor Culture Broth, Using a His-Tagged Receptor (ScbR) and Mass Spectrometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Applied microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Yung-Hun Yang Hwang-Soo Joo Kwangwon Lee Kwang-Kyung Liou Hei-Chan Lee Jae-Kyung Sohng Byung-Gee Kim 《Applied microbiology》2005,71(9):5050-5055
γ-Butyrolactone derivative molecules in Streptomyces play a crucial role in cell density control, secondary metabolism, and cell differentiation. As their synthesis level in the cell is very low compared to those of similar N-acyl homoserine lactone molecules from gram-negative bacteria, it is very hard to analyze them even with several hundredfold concentration of the culture broth. We have developed a very quick and easy detection method using an affinity capture technique with His-tagged receptor proteins and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Using Streptomyces coelicolor as a model system, SCB1 was detected from only 100 ml of the culture broth after solvent extraction. This method can be further applied to detection and quantitative analysis of butanolides and inhibitor screening of the receptor molecules. 相似文献
3.
4.
Jun‐juan Wang Qi‐min Zhang Wei‐wei Ni Xin Zhang Ying Li Ai‐li Li Peng Du Chun Li Su‐su Yu 《Microbiology and immunology》2019,63(8):303-315
We investigated the correlation between the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on gut microbiota composition, metabolic activities, and reducing cow's milk protein allergy. Mice sensitized with β‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) were treated with different doses of L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 for 4 weeks, starting 1 week before allergen induction. The results showed that intake of L. acidophilus significantly suppressed the hypersensitivity responses, together with increased fecal microbiota diversity and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration (including propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate) when compared with the allergic group. Moreover, treatment with L. acidophilus induced the expression of SCFAs receptors, G‐protein–coupled receptors 41 (GPR41) and 43 (GPR43), in the spleen and colon of the allergic mice. Further analysis revealed that the GPR41 and GPR43 messenger RNA expression both positively correlated with the serum concentrations of transforming growth factor‐β and IFN‐γ (p < .05), but negatively with the serum concentrations of IL‐17, IL‐4, and IL‐6 in the L. acidophilus–treated group compared with the allergic group (p < .05). These results suggested that L. acidophilus protected against the development of allergic inflammation by improving the intestinal flora, as well as upregulating SCFAs and their receptors GPR41/43. 相似文献
5.
Although cryopreservation has been developed and optimized over the past decades, it causes various stresses, including cold shock, osmotic stress, and ice crystal formation, thereby reducing fertility. During cryopreservation, addition of cryoprotective agent (CPA) is crucial for protecting spermatozoa from freezing damage. However, the intrinsic toxicity and osmotic stress induced by CPA cause damage to spermatozoa. To identify the effects of CPA addition during cryopreservation, we assessed the motility (%), motion kinematics, capacitation status, and viability of epididymal spermatozoa using computer-assisted sperm analysis and Hoechst 33258/chlortetracycline fluorescence staining. Moreover, the effects of CPA addition were also demonstrated at the proteome level using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Our results demonstrated that CPA addition significantly reduced sperm motility (%), curvilinear velocity, viability (%), and non-capacitated spermatozoa, whereas straightness and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa increased significantly (p < 0.05). Ten proteins were differentially expressed (two decreased and eight increased) (>3 fold, p < 0.05) after CPA, whereas NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein 2, f-actin-capping protein subunit beta, superoxide dismutase 2, and outer dense fiber protein 2 were associated with several important signaling pathways (p < 0.05). The present study provides a mechanistic basis for specific cryostresses and potential markers of CPA-induced stress. Therefore, these might provide information about the development of safe biomaterials for cryopreservation and basic ground for sperm cryopreservation. 相似文献
6.
野大豆叶绿体在低温(77K)时出现三条荧光发射谱带,它们来源于不同的色素蛋白复合体。 在纳秒脉冲激光激发下,捕光天线色素的相对荧光量子产额,随激光强度的增加有明显下降现象。用激子理论和动力学方程讨论和计算了激子扩散参量。指出激子转移是随机的,非相干的。 相似文献
7.
Andrew W. Saxe Ji-Won Yoon Phillip Gorden Murray F. Brennan 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1982,18(10):884-890
Summary Dispersed cells from both fresh and cryopreserved human insulinoma have been maintained in cell culture. Initial yield of
viable cells was 50% for fresh and 25% for cryopreserved tissue. Viability of cells in culture was documented by increasing
numbers of cells (doubling time approximately 5 d initially and 2 d at the sixth subculture for both fresh and cryopreserved
tissue) and continued release of insulin over time (approximately 100 ng/ml per 105 cells at 10 d and 175 ng/ml per 105 cells at 30 d of culture for both fresh and cryopreserved tissue). Evidence that cells growing in culture were beta cells
was provided by: (a) recovery of intracellular and extracellular immunoreactive insulin (IRI), (b) electron microscopic morphology,
and (c) immunohistochemical staining. Cells from fresh insulinoma incubated with increasing concentrations of extracellular
glucose released increasing amounts of IRI up to approximately 15 mM glucose, which paralleled changes in plasma insulin obtained during a preoperative glucose tolerance test.
Under an Intergovernmental Personnel Act Exchange from the Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento
Medical Center. 相似文献
8.
Previous studies by us and others established that cell-cell adhesion is mediated by specific carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate
interaction (CCI). Those previous studies were based on various biochemical and biophysical approaches, including the use
of labeled glycosyl epitopes with fluorescent tag. However, these methods ideally require that the glycosyl epitope must be
fixed to a solid phase molecule, preferably with multivalency. The purpose of the present study is to establish a CCI process
using specific glycosyl residues conjugated to biotinylated diaminopyridine (BAP), and to observe: (i) clear occurrence of
homotypic CCI between “Os Fr.B” having 5–6 GlcNAc termini, vs. absence of such homotypic CCI between “Os Fr.1” having 2 GlcNAc termini; (ii) occurrence of heterotypic CCI between GM3
ganglioside and Os Fr.B, vs. absence of such heterotypic CCI between GM3 and Os Fr.1. Interaction between Os Fr.B-BAP conjugate and Os Fr.B-ceramide
mimetic (Os Fr.B-mCer) was demonstrated based on two experiments: (i) dose-dependent binding of Os Fr.B-BAP conjugate to polystyrene
plates coated with Os Fr.B-mCer was observed in the presence of bivalent cation, a prerequisite for all CCI processes, and
such binding was abolished by EDTA; (ii) binding between equal nanomolar Os Fr.B-BAP and Os Fr.B-mCer was inhibited by mM
concentration Os Fr.B without conjugate, in dose-dependent manner. Thus, cell adhesion processes based on homotypic CCI between
N-linked glycans having multiple GlcNAc termini, and heterotypic CCI between GM3 and such glycans, were clearly observed using
BAP conjugates of glycosyl epitopes. 相似文献
9.
以厦门地区夏季播种的抗热松花型台湾花椰菜Brassica oleracea var. botrytis品种为材料,比较各品种生物学性状、营养成分、矿质元素、能源、植物功能性指标,并以低能高营养的消费原则,采用平均隶属函数值对品种进行评价。结果表明,平均隶属函数值依次为‘雪松’(4.805) >‘香雪’(3.282) >‘雪丽’(2.279) >‘庆农S90’(1.037)。结合生育期考虑,‘雪松’为夏季较适合在厦门地区推广的松花型花椰菜抗热新品种。 相似文献