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A Rauch R A Pfeiffer G Leipold H Singer M Tigges M Hofbeck 《American journal of human genetics》1999,64(2):659-666
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P. Webb A. D. Chanana E. P. Cronkite J. A. Laissue D. D. Joel 《Cell proliferation》1980,13(3):227-237
Germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) C3H mice received a single injection of 1 μCi [3H]thymidine and 3 μCi [125I]iododeoxyuridine to provide simultaneous labeling of DNA with the two precursors. Thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow (femora), small intestine, colon and skin were examined for total organ activity and rate of DNA renewal 1–8 days after injection. Precursor incorporation, assayed on day 1, was lower in the thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and femora (and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen and colon) of GF mice as compared to CV animals. The opposite was observed in the small intestine and skin, i.e. total organ activity was higher in GF animals. Differences in precursor incorporation were partly due to differences in organ weights between the two groups of mice. In comparison to CV animals, DNA renewal rates were diminished in the mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, colon (following a 3-day plateau) and spleen of GF mice. Little, if any, difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the rate of DNA turnover in the thymus and skin. Radioactivity of the small intestine remained constant for 2 days. Thereafter intestinal activity in GF mice declined at an initial slow rate between days 2 and 5 followed by a rapid decrease between days 5 and 8. In CV mice the first phase of activity loss was short with the rapid decline in intestinal activity beginning on day 3. From the slopes of the regression lines, the percentage thymidine reutilization was estimated. Reutilization varied from 0 to 63% in the various organs examined, with the greatest difference between GF and CV mice occurring in the mesenteric lymph nodes. 相似文献
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The specificity of the syngeneic mixed leukocyte response, a primary anti-I region T cell proliferative response, is determined intrathymically 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
L H Glimcher R H Schwartz D L Longo A Singer 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1982,129(3):987-991
In previous studies, the syngeneic MLR of peripheral T cells was shown to be predominantly an I region-restricted function. In this report we show that adult thymocytes are also capable of responding to syngeneic irradiated stimulator cells in a syngeneic MLR, provided that TCGF is added to the culture system. Using this assay, it was possible for the first time to examine the pattern of I region restriction within the thymus itself. Analysis of the thymocyte syngeneic MLR in thymuses from radiation-induced bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that the MHC preference seen in the peripheral T cell population also existed in cells resident within the thymus. Experiments utilizing congenitally athymic mice transplanted with allogeneic thymic grafts demonstrated that both peripheral T cells and thymocytes from such animals displayed a strong preferential proliferation toward stimulator cells bearing thymic-type MHC determinants. The results in the nude model thus demonstrate that the thymus by itself is sufficient to impart such restriction specificity on a developing T cell repertoire. These results are consistent with the notion that the thymus exerts selective pressure on maturing T cell populations that results in a skewing of the T cell repertoire toward the recognition of thymic-type I region products, and that this MHC preference exists before expansion of T cells in the periphery. 相似文献
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Eliot C. Bush Anne E. Clark Chris M. DeBoever Lillian E. Haynes Sidra Hussain Singer Ma Matthew M. McDermott Adam M. Novak John S. Wentworth 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
A significant proportion of enzymes display cooperativity in binding ligand molecules, and such effects have an important impact on metabolic regulation. This is easiest to understand in the case of positive cooperativity. Sharp responses to changes in metabolite concentrations can allow organisms to better respond to environmental changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. However, despite the fact that negative cooperativity is almost as common as positive, it has been harder to imagine what advantages it provides. Here we use computational models to explore the utility of negative cooperativity in one particular context: that of an inhibitor binding to an enzyme. We identify several factors which may contribute, and show that acting together they can make negative cooperativity advantageous. 相似文献
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Summary Aluminum extraction from two aluminum-rich fly-ashes by commercial and microbiologically-produced citric acids was tested. Up to 12% Al2O3 of the total was extracted by a 21 hrs1 shaking treatment at 60° C. Extraction efficiency is considerably affected by extracting acid concentration and extraction temperature. The extraction efficiency of microbiologically-produced citric acids was only slightly lower than that of commercial citric acid of equal molarity. 相似文献
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N Shamala L W Lim F S Mathews W McIntire T P Singer D J Hopper 《Journal of molecular biology》1985,183(3):517-518
Single crystals of p-cresol methylhydroxylase, a flavocytochrome c from Pseudomonas putida, have been prepared. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121 with unit cell parameters; a = 140.3 A, b = 130.6 A and c = 74.1 A. They contain a single non-symmetric dimer per asymmetric unit and diffract to at least 2.5 A resolution. 相似文献