鞘内注射孤啡肽对大鼠足底注入蜜蜂毒诱致长时程自发痛、痛敏和炎症的不同效果

为进一步了解孤啡肽在脊髓水平是否具有抗伤害及抗炎作用,本实验在具有多种痛行为表现的蜜蜂毒模型上观察了鞘内注射孤啡肽对大鼠一侧后足底注入蜜蜂毒所诱致的同侧自发缩足反射、原发热和机械性痛敏以及注射部位炎症反应的影响,同时观察了新的高选择性孤啡肽受体拮抗剂CompB的作用.结果表明与生理盐水对照组比较,鞘内注射孤啡肽(3、10、30 nmol/10μl)对蜜蜂毒诱发的自发缩足反射次数的抑制作用随剂量提高而增大,抑制率分别为37±7,43±6and57±11%(三个剂量vs对照,P＜0.05);而对蜜蜂毒诱发的注射部位炎症反应(爪体积、爪背腹厚度和蛋白渗出的增加)无显著影响.CompB(30 nmo1)可完全翻转10 nmol孤啡肽对自发缩足反射的抑制作用.鞘内单次或重复注射孤啡肽(10 nmol/10μl)对蜜蜂毒诱致的原发性热和机械性痛敏的发生和维持均无作用.本实验结果提示,外源性孤啡肽在脊髓通过孤啡肽受体的介导产生一定的镇痛作用,但是它可能仅对持续性自发痛有抑制作用,而对热和机械性痛敏及炎症反应均无影响.     

117例医院真菌感染分析及预防

目的 了解佛山市南海人民医院真菌感染的分布,探讨有效预防和控制真菌感染的措施。方法 对该院117例真菌感染病例作回顾性分析。结果 3583例送检标本中真菌检出率为3．27％（117／3583）,医院内真菌感染率为2．95％（106／3583）。分离出真菌以白色念珠菌为主（70／117．59．8％）、热带念珠菌次之（17／117,14．5％）、霉菌居第3位（9／117．7．69％）。药敏显示：5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B和制霉素敏感率较高,分别为92．4％、93．3％和92．5％,咪康唑、酮康唑和益康唑敏感率较低．为52．0％、49．0％和36．0％。结论 医院内真菌感染占真菌感染绝大部分,感染真菌以白色念珠菌为主。感染部位以呼吸道为主;临床规范、合理使用广谱抗生素,加强消毒护理工作。是预防控制真菌感染发生的最有效措施。     

Steam reforming of bio-oil from rice husks fast pyrolysis for hydrogen production

Steam reforming of two kinds of bio-oil from rice husks fast pyrolysis was conducted for hydrogen production at three temperatures (650, 750 and 850 °C) with Ni-based catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor. The gas composition and organic compounds in liquid condensate were detected by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. In addition, the carbon deposition was also investigated. The results showed that the mole fraction range of hydrogen was within 55.8-61.3% at all temperatures and more hydrogen was produced at the higher temperature. The highest H? efficiency of bio-oil steam reforming was 45.33% when extra water was added. The bio-oil with lower content of chemical compounds has a higher H? efficiency, but its hydrogen volume was less. Analysis of the liquid condensate showed that most of the organic compounds were circularity compounds. The carbon deposition can decrease the bio-oil conversion, and it was easier to form at the temperature of 750 °C.     

替换HIV-1衣壳蛋白基因SHIV的构建及其活性测定

将猴免疫缺陷病毒(Simianimmunodeficiencyvirus,SIVmm239)中gag基因的衣壳蛋白部分置换成人免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1,HIV-1HXBc2)的相应部分,构建出替换了衣壳蛋白基因的人/猿嵌合免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)原病毒DNA。用此SHIV原病毒DNA转染293T细胞,细胞中能够检测到嵌合病毒基因的转录与翻译;在细胞培养液上清中亦可检测到装配出的病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒形态正常,含有基因组RNA,具有反转录酶活性,嵌合的外源衣壳蛋白能够正确剪切,形成棒状的核心。将此嵌合SHIV病毒感染MT4细胞,病毒能够吸附并进入细胞,能完成反转录过程,但不能增殖。     

低能离子注入介导外源DNA转化的原理与应用

低能离子注入介导外源DNA转化是分子杂交育种的一种有效的途径,被广泛应用于植物和微牛物的品质改良及种质创新并在农业、工业的生产应用方面奠定了很好的基础.本文简述了低能离子注入介导外源DNA转化技术的基本原理,低能离子的注入对受体产生了通道作用、吸引作用、损伤作用和吸胀作用的验证性实验,介绍了该技术在成功创制"玉米稻"、"高蛋白小麦"品系和株系的基础上进行转化植物和微生物方面取得的成果,分析了该研究领域包括实验技术、实验材料、实验结果方面存在一些问题并提出初步解决设想.     

黄鳝膀胱尿截流及尿Na+分析

关于黄鳝(Monopterusalbuszuiew)所谓退化性腺,作者已提供过它是膀胱的解剖学和组织学证据,并发现该器官中含有大量水样液体1,2.       

Synaptic scaffolding protein Homer1a protects against chronic inflammatory pain

Glutamatergic signaling and intracellular calcium mobilization in the spinal cord are crucial for the development of nociceptive plasticity, which is associated with chronic pathological pain. Long-form Homer proteins anchor glutamatergic receptors to sources of calcium influx and release at synapses, which is antagonized by the short, activity-dependent splice variant Homer1a. We show here that Homer1a operates in a negative feedback loop to regulate the excitability of the pain pathway in an activity-dependent manner. Homer1a is rapidly and selectively upregulated in spinal cord neurons after peripheral inflammation in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner. Homer1a strongly attenuates calcium mobilization as well as MAP kinase activation induced by glutamate receptors and reduces synaptic contacts on spinal cord neurons that process pain inputs. Preventing activity-induced upregulation of Homer1a using shRNAs in mice in vivo exacerbates inflammatory pain. Thus, activity-dependent uncoupling of glutamate receptors from intracellular signaling mediators is a novel, endogenous physiological mechanism for counteracting sensitization at the first, crucial synapse in the pain pathway. Furthermore, we observed that targeted gene transfer of Homer1a to specific spinal segments in vivo reduces inflammatory hyperalgesia. Thus, Homer1 function is crucially involved in pain plasticity and constitutes a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain.     

一种简单的研究肉食性腹足类诱食物质的摄食行为方法

迄今为止,国内外有关腹足类诱食物质的研究工作还很少,且主要集中在鲍等一些植食性种类上.这些工作大多套用在鱼类上常用的相关研究思路与实验装置[1-3].     

罗氏沼虾小触角表面结构的观察

罗氏沼虾的小触角是一类具附鞭的小触角。作者应用解剖镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了它的表面形态结构。发现它具有如下特征 :1)内、外鞭极长 ,外鞭另具一条附鞭 ,而附鞭很短 ,位于内外鞭之间 ;2 )柄节具 2 5 0根以上的羽状刚毛、少量的笋状刚毛与硬刺刚毛 ;3)内鞭、主鞭分节 ,各节前缘环行分布着 4— 4 0根不等的软刺刚毛 ;4 )附鞭系一凹槽结构 ,槽内约着生着 2 0 0多根化感刚毛 ;5 )附鞭能纵向卷曲成圆筒状 ,以包裹槽内的化感刚毛 ;6 )化感刚毛分两段 ,下为硬管段 ,上为膜管段 ,其中膜管壁极薄 ;7)凹槽近侧端的节段内还具有许多芽状的初生化感刚毛 ,它们可发育成化感刚毛。因此 ,罗氏沼虾小触角的表面形态迥异于以往报道的十足目甲壳动物小触角 ,其附鞭构成嗅觉器官的主体结构 ,且其本身具有独特的保护化感刚毛之方式。此外 ,作者按形态学特征将已报道的十足目甲壳动物小触角分为蟹型、龙虾型、小龙虾型和对虾型四种类型 ,而罗氏沼虾小触角则属于另一种类型———罗氏沼虾型。