Evaluation of Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes as an In vitro Immunoassay System for the Selection of Probiotic Bifidobacteria to Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - The use of in vitro systems that allow efficient selection of probiotic candidates with immunomodulatory properties could significantly minimize the use of...     

橙皮素抑制NF-κB通路调控软骨细胞炎性退变的实验研究

目的:炎症因子所介导的慢性炎症瀑布反应是引起关节软骨退变的的主要原因。橙皮素具有抗炎、抗氧化应激等作用,研究橙皮素对关节软骨细胞炎症因子表达及相关信号通路的影响可以加深对关节软骨退变的认识,进而为其预防、治疗提供新的参考依据。研究橙皮素对人关节软骨细胞退变的影响,并从炎症角度来探讨其具体的分子机制。方法:体外分离培养人关节软骨细胞,首先采用CCK-8方法检测橙皮素对人关节软骨细胞增殖的抑制作用;运用RT-PCR和western blot研究橙皮素对于脂多糖(LPS)诱发的关节软骨细胞炎症反应和分解代谢的影响,运用Western blot研究橙皮素对于LPS所诱导的NF-κB信号通路的激活的影响。结果:当橙皮素的浓度低于10μM时,对于人关节软骨细胞的生长没有明显的抑制作用;real-time PCR和western blot结果显示,在LPS刺激下,关节软骨细胞中IL-6, TNF-α, MMP9, MMP13的基因表达水平明显升高,而橙皮素可以明显抑制炎症反应的激活;Western blot结果显示在LPS的刺激下,NF-κB信号通路显著激活,IKBα降解,随后P65磷酸化。而在橙皮素预处理组中,IKBα降解减少,P65磷酸化减少,NF-κB信号通路的激活受到了明显的抑制。以上结果均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:橙皮素可通过NF-κB信号通路影响人关节软骨细胞炎症反应和分解代谢相关基因的表达,进而降低关节软骨细胞内外的慢性炎症反应,进而延缓老年性关节软骨退变。     

生态恢复中灌丛保育效应研究进展

灌木作为干旱半干旱地区植被的主要组成部分,对于维持生态系统稳定性和发挥生态服务功能具有重要作用。灌丛保育效应可以减轻限制性因子对目标植物生长和繁殖的不利影响,促进退化生境植物物种自然更新和植被恢复。本文综述了近20年有关灌丛保育效应研究和应用的主要成果,从微生境改善、肥岛形成、防御和抵抗作用发挥、有益微生物引入和协助繁殖体传播或保存以及种间竞争网络格局改变等方面阐述灌丛保育效应的促进机制,并从非生物环境、生物干扰、生活史阶段和生长繁殖策略等方面分析影响灌丛保育效应发挥的关键因素。从完善灌丛保育效应的理论机制和开展多因素共同作用下多植物物种相互作用关系模型构建角度,对灌丛保育效应的研究进行了展望。     

Distribution of In Vitro Fermentation Ability of Lacto-N-Biose I,a Major Building Block of Human Milk Oligosaccharides,in Bifidobacterial Strains

This study investigated the potential utilization of lacto-N-biose I (LNB) by individual strains of bifidobacteria. LNB is a building block for the human milk oligosaccharides, which have been suggested to be a factor for selective growth of bifidobacteria. A total of 208 strains comprising 10 species and 4 subspecies were analyzed for the presence of the galacto-N-biose/lacto-N-biose I phosphorylase (GLNBP) gene (lnpA) and examined for growth when LNB was used as the sole carbohydrate source. While all strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. breve, and B. bifidum were able to grow on LNB, none of the strains of B. adolescentis, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. angulatum, B. animalis subsp. lactis, and B. thermophilum showed any growth. In addition, some strains of B. pseudocatenulatum, B. animalis subsp. animalis, and B. pseudolongum exhibited the ability to utilize LNB. With the exception for B. pseudocatenulatum, the presence of lnpA coincided with LNB utilization in almost all strains. These results indicate that bifidobacterial species, which are the predominant species found in infant intestines, are potential utilizers of LNB. These findings support the hypothesis that GLNBP plays a key role in the colonization of bifidobacteria in the infant intestine.Bifidobacteria are gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that naturally colonize the human intestinal tract and are believed to be beneficial to human health (21, 30). Breastfeeding has been shown to be associated with an infant fecal microbiota dominated by bifidobacteria, whereas the fecal microbiota of infants who are consuming alternative diets has been described as being mixed and adult-like (12, 21). It has been suggested that the selective growth of bifidobacteria observed in breast-fed newborns is related to the oligosaccharides and other factors that are contained in human milk (human milk oligosaccharides [HMOs]) (3, 4, 10, 11, 16, 17, 34). Kitaoka et al. (15) have recently found that bifidobacteria possess a unique metabolic pathway that is specific for lacto-N-biose I (LNB; Galβ1-3GlcNAc) and galacto-N-biose (GNB; Galβ1-3GalNAc). LNB is a building block for the type 1 HMOs [such as lacto-N-tetraose (Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc), and lacto-N-difucohexaose I (Fucα1-2Galβ1-3[Fucα1-4]GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc)], and GNB is a core structure of the mucin sugar that is present in the human intestine and milk (18, 27). The GNB/LNB pathway, as previously illustrated by Wada et al. (33), involves proteins/enzymes that are required for the uptake and degradation of disaccharides such as the GNB/LNB transporter (29, 32), galacto-N-biose/lacto-N-biose I phosphorylase (GLNBP; LnpA) (15, 24) (renamed from lacto-N-biose phosphorylase after the finding of phosphorylases specific to GNB [23] and LNB [22]), N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase (NahK) (25), UDP-glucose-hexose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GalT), and UDP-galactose epimerase (GalE). Some bifidobacteria have been demonstrated to be enzymatically equipped to release LNB from HMOs that have a type 1 structure (lacto-N biosidase; LnbB) (33) or GNB from the core 1-type O-glycans in mucin glycoproteins (endo-α-N-acetylgalatosaminidase) (6, 13, 14). It has been suggested that the presence of the LnbB and GNB/LNB pathways in some bifidobacterial strains could provide a nutritional advantage for these organisms, thereby increasing their populations within the ecosystem of these breast-fed newborns (33).The species that predominantly colonize the infant intestine are the bifidobacterial species B. breve, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. longum, and B. bifidum (21, 28). On the other hand, strains of B. adolescentis, B. catenulatum, B. pseudocatenulatum, and B. longum subsp. longum are frequently isolated from the adult intestine (19), and strains of B. animalis subsp. animalis, B. animalis subsp. lactis, B. thermophilum and B. pseudolongum have been shown to naturally colonize the guts of animals (1, 2, 7, 8). However, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between the differential colonization of the bifidobacterial species and the presence of the GNB/LNB pathway. In the present study, we investigated the ability of individual bifidobacterial strains in the in vitro fermentation of LNB and in addition, we also tried to determine whether or not the GLNBP gene (lnpA), which is a key enzyme of the GNB/LNB pathway, was present.     

秋水仙碱对微管蛋白的作用机制及其细胞效应研究进展

秋水仙碱诱导染色体同源加倍的生物学机理与构成纺锤体微管蛋白密切相关. 秋水仙碱作用于细胞的根本效应是改变细胞微管的状态,使微管解聚或停止组装;秋水仙碱作用于微管的方式是其分子结构中的 A 环与β微管蛋白354半胱氨酸结合、C环结合在239半胱氨酸和N末端氨基酸;不同植物种类微管蛋白的处理效应有明显的差异.秋水仙碱的处理效应影响到细胞一切与微管活动有关的功能,具体表现为改变细胞的发育进程、阻断染色体的分裂及细胞器不能正常运动,除此之外,秋水仙碱还可以诱导染色体结构变异.本文主要综述了秋水仙碱作用于微管蛋白的机制及秋水仙碱处理的细胞效应等研究进展,为该领域的研究提供信息资料.     

侏罗纪的施迈斯内果(Schmeissneria)是不是被子植物?

中华施迈斯内果在辽西的发现为被子植物的历史添上了重要的一笔。施迈斯内果是一个具有近170年研究历史的植物化石属。新近发现的中华施迈斯内果中发现了以前没被认识到的新特征(未成熟的雌性器官的中央结构有一个纵向的隔壁和封闭的顶端)。新的特征促使人们重新审视该化石的系统位置。王鑫等人通过仔细分析被子植物的定义、结合新的化石特征认为施迈斯内果代表了一个具有被子植物特征的新类群。按照现有的被子植物定义,施迈斯内果可以归入被子植物。这样一来,被子植物的历史就会被前推到早侏罗世。当然也不排除未来被子植物的定义改变后为施迈斯内果建立一个与被子植物平行的种子植物新类群的可能性。文章简要地介绍了施迈斯内果的由来、特征以及王鑫等人如何判定其为被子植物的逻辑思维过程,以便大家论评。     

商陆抗病毒蛋白基因导入百合愈伤组织初报

利用美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白(Pokeweed antiviral protein,PAP)具有广谱的抗病毒特性,通过冻融法将含有PAP基因的重组表达载体PBll21转入土壤农杆菌LBA4404中,利用叶盘法在农杆菌的介导下转比麝香百合愈伤组织,通过抗性筛选和PCR输测获得了转PAP基因的百合植株。     

刈割高度对草丛群体特征的影响的研究—典型变量分析在草地生态系统研究中的应用

典型变量分析（CVA）在农业研究中应用的条件已经具备,本文对CVA在草地生态系统研究中的应用作了例示与讨论,在控制光温的人工草地上,高羊茅草丛群体的3个特征－牧草产量,叶面积和分薛密度与钊割高度（3,6,10,14,18和24cm)的关系研究中采用CVA,结果表明,第一典型相关极显著,且第一典型变量能反映刈割高度问98％的变异,在用CVA,结果表明,第一典型相关极显著,且第一典型变量能反映刈割高度问98％的变异,在3－24xm范围内,刈割高度的作用是渐进式的,任两刈割高度间的群体之综合差异与其高谍差呈正比例,叶面积和分薛刈割高度间差异的解释能力基本持平,但作用方向相反,两都都大于牧草产量的作用,建议在应用CVA时,应该适当增加重复次数,考虑附加线性变量,剔除分布不对称的指标变量等等。     

A New Species of the Genus Phyllocladoxylon-Phyllocladoxylon xinqiuensis sp. nov.from the Fuxin Formation in Western Liaoning

In this paper, a new species of the genus Phyllocladoxylon on the basis of fossil woods from the Fuxin Formation in Western Liaoning province, Phyllocladoxylon xinqiuensis sp. nov., is reported and its anatomic structures are described.