一种无孢灵芝菌丝体的活性成分

利用制备型高效液相、凝胶层析、制备型薄层色谱等方法对无孢灵芝龙芝2号的固体发酵菌丝体进行分离纯化,通过波谱分析,化合物分别鉴定为灵芝酸P（1）,灵芝酸T1（2）,灵芝酸Mk（3）,灵芝酸S（4）,灵芝酸T（5）,ganodermanondiol（6）,灵芝酸Me（7）,5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol（8）,灵芝酸R（9）,lanosta-7, 9(11), 24-trien-3α-hydroxy-26-oic acid（10）,ganodermenonol（11）。其中灵芝酸T1为首次发现的天然产物。体外细胞实验证实,11种化合物对肿瘤细胞L1210的增殖均有很强的抑制作用,其增殖抑制的IC₅₀值均在39.69μmol/L以下。     

High nitrogen inhibits photosynthetic performance in a shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species Panax notoginseng

Photosynthesis Research - Nitrogen (N) is a primary factor limiting leaf photosynthesis. However, the mechanism of high-N-driven inhibition on photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection is still...     

短期生长环境光强骤增导致典型阴生植物三七光系统受损的机制

阴生植物突然暴露在强光下造成光损伤的情况时有发生, 但其对高光敏感的潜在机制尚不十分清楚。为阐明阴生植物无法在自然全光照环境下生存的相关机制, 该研究以典型阴生植物三七(Panax notoginseng)为材料, 将遮阴环境下(10%透光率)生长的植株转移到全日光环境下3天, 研究其相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、光合参数以及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明, 全光环境下三七光合日变化呈现“双峰”曲线特征, 且净光合速率在处理期间逐日降低。全日光下三七叶片SPAD值、水分利用率和光能利用率显著降低; 叶片光系统I (PSI)反应中心P700最大荧光信号、光系统II (PSII)电子传递速率、暗适应下PSII最大量子效率和光下PSII最大量子效率显著低于遮阴环境下的植株, 且至傍晚不能完全恢复。而参与调节性能量耗散的量子产量、PSI受体侧限制引起的非光化学量子产量、环式电子流则显著高于遮阴环境下的三七。此外, 生长环境光照强度骤增导致荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显变化, 并显著升高了PSII供体侧和受体侧的荧光产量。当阴生植物三七突然暴露于全光环境下时, 强烈的光照会导致PSII供体侧的放氧复合体活性受损, 抑制受体侧的电子传递, 过度还原PSI的受体侧进而引发PSI光抑制。该研究结果揭示, 全日光导致的PSII不可逆损伤和PSI光抑制可能是典型阴生植物三七为什么不能在全日照光环境下存活的重要原因。     

灵芝子实体中三萜类物质抗肿瘤活性的谱效关系

通过HPLC指纹图谱结合多元线性回归分析对不同产地灵芝子实体的功效性特征进行评价,为寻找灵芝中活性三萜提供理论依据。利用高效液相分析方法,结合样品对肿瘤细胞L1210的增殖抑制率,运用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004A版”软件和多元线性回归分析11批不同品种灵芝子实体中的三萜活性成分。样品与标准指纹图谱的相似度均在0.9以上,共标定了12个共有物质峰,其中与抗L1210肿瘤细胞活性关系密切的三萜物质有灵芝酸C₂、灵芝酸G、灵芝烯酸B、灵芝烯酸A、灵芝酸K、灵芝酸A、灵芝酸F和灵芝醛A。     

Beta-ionone is a functional plant volatile that attracts the parasitic wasp,Microplitis pallidipes

BioControl - The effects of plant volatiles on parasitoids are important with regards to the tri-trophic interactions among host plants, insect herbivores, and their natural enemies. However, the...     

几种杀虫剂对桔小实蝇引诱剂诱杀效果的影响

使用桔小实蝇引诱剂(甲基丁香酚Methyl eugenol,简称Me),按体积比10∶1分别与四种杀虫剂混合,进行了桔小实蝇诱杀效果试验。试验结果表明:四种杀虫剂中,敌敌畏的诱杀效果最佳;马拉硫磷诱杀效果明显优于氯氰菊酯和功夫两种杀虫剂。试验提出了与桔小实蝇引诱剂混合的杀虫剂选择以及换药时间。     

Microbial transformation of the triterpene nigranoic acid in Trichoderma sp.

Two new metabolites were obtained by microbial transformation of the triterpene nigranoic acid (3,4-secocyloarta-4 (28), 24 (Z)-diene-3,26-dioic acid), (1) in the culture of Trichoderma sp. JY-1, a fungus obtained from the branches of Kadsura angustifolia. Their structures were established as 15α, 16α-dihydroxy-3,4-secocyloarta-4 (28), 17 (20), 17 (E), 24 (E)-triene-3,26-dioic acid (2) and 16α, 20α-dihydroxy-18 (13 → 17β) abeo-3,4-secocyloarta-4 (28), 12 (13), 24 (Z)-triene-3,26-dioic acid (3) by analysis of NMR and MS data and by analogy with the data for the substrate nigranoic acid (1). Compound 2 was found to possess an unusual 17(20), 17 (E)-ene structure while compound 3 featured an unprecedented 18(13 → 17β)-abeo-secocyloarta skeleton. Additionally, compounds 1–3 showed weak anti-HIV activity with EC₅₀ values of 10.5, 8.8 and 7.6 μg/mL, therapeutic index values (CC₅₀/EC₅₀) of 8.48, 9.12 and 10.1, respectively.     

Human cytomegalovirus infection dysregulates neural progenitor cell fate by disrupting Hes1 rhythm and down-regulating its expression

Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection is a leading cause of birth defects, primarily affecting the central nervous system and causing its maldevelopment. As the essential downstream effector of Notch signaling pathway, Hes1, and its dynamic expression, plays an essential role on maintaining neural progenitor/stem cells(NPCs) cell fate and fetal brain development. In the present study, we reported the first observation of Hes1 oscillatory expression in human NPCs, with an approximately1.5 hour periodicity and a Hes1 protein half-life of about 17(17.6 ± 0.2) minutes. HCMV infection disrupts the Hes1 rhythm and down-regulates its expression. Furthermore, we discovered that depleting Hes1 protein disturbed NPCs cell fate by suppressing NPCs proliferation and neurosphere formation, and driving NPCs abnormal differentiation. These results suggested a novel mechanism linking disruption of Hes1 rhythm and down-regulation of Hes1 expression to neurodevelopmental disorders caused by congenital HCMV infection.     

中国榕属榕亚属植物的系统发育初探

对分布于中国的榕亚属植物的15个种和2个变种(分别代表榕亚属的3个组)的nrDNA的ITS序列和系统发育关系进行分析。结果表明,榕亚属是非单系起源,其中榕组构成了一个独立的单系群,与无花果亚属有较近的亲缘关系,而与榕亚属其它组间并未表现出近缘关系。榕亚属的其它5个组构成一单系群并得到中度的支持率。来自中国的种类分别聚在相应的组内。但环纹榕组被分成2个单支,其中来自中国的大叶水榕(F.glaberrima)和环纹榕(F.annulata)构成一个分支,二者表现较近的亲缘关系。榕亚属的亚洲特有组印度榕组在ITS树中聚在环纹榕组的另一个分支中,但它与此组其它种的亲缘关系并不清楚。     

Root Morphology and Zn2+ Uptake Kinetics of the Zn Hyperaccumulator of Sedum alfredii Hance

Root morphology and Zn2 uptake kinetics of the hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) and nonhyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) of Sedum alfredii Hance were investigated using hydroponic methods and the radiotracer flux technique. The results indicate that root length, root surface area, and root volume of NHE decreased significantly with increasing Zn2 concentration in growth media, whereas the root growth of HE was not adversely affected, and was even promoted, by 500 μmol/L Zn2 . The concentrations of Zn2 in both ecotypes of S. alfredii were positively correlated with root length, root surface area and root volumes, but no such correlation was found for root diameter. The uptake kinetics for 65Zn2 in roots of both ecotypes of S. alfredii were characterized by a rapid linear phase during the first 6 h and a slower linear phase during the subsequent period of investigation. The concentration-dependent uptake kinetics of the two ecotypes of S. alfredii could be characterized by the Michaelis-Menten equation, with the Vmax for 65Zn2 influx being threefold greater in HE compared with NHE, indicating that enhanced absorption into the root was one of the mechanisms involved in Zn hyperaccumulation. A significantly larger Vmax value suggested that there was a higher density of Zn transporters per unit membrane area in HE roots.