云南省突颚反颚茧蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：茧蜂科：反颚茧蜂亚科）

本文描述了云南省突颚反颚茧蜂属ＨｅｒａｔｅｍｉｓＷａｌｋｅｒ１新种─—缺刺反颚茧蜂Ｈ．ｅｎｎｄｉｓＷｕｅｔＣｈｅｎ,并建立了该属中国已知３种的分种检索表。新种模式标本保存于福建农业大学益虫室。     

Cytoprotective Effect of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Produced in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

Asialo-erythropoietin, a desialylated form of human erythropoietin (EPO) lacking hematopoietic activity, is receiving increased attention because of its broader protective effects in preclinical models of tissue injury. However, attempts to translate its protective effects into clinical practice is hampered by unavailability of suitable expression system and its costly and limit production from expensive mammalian cell-made EPO (rhuEPO^M) by enzymatic desialylation. In the current study, we took advantage of a plant-based expression system lacking sialylating capacity but possessing an ability to synthesize complex N-glycans to produce cytoprotective recombinant human asialo-rhuEPO. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing asialo-rhuEPO were generated by stably co-expressing human EPO and β1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalT) genes under the control of double CaMV 35S and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate gene (GapC) promoters, respectively. Plant-produced asialo-rhuEPO (asialo-rhuEPO^P) was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Detailed N-glycan analysis using NSI-FTMS and MS/MS revealed that asialo-rhuEPO^P bears paucimannosidic, high mannose-type and complex N-glycans. In vitro cytoprotection assays showed that the asialo-rhuEPO^P (20 U/ml) provides 2-fold better cytoprotection (44%) to neuronal-like mouse neuroblastoma cells from staurosporine-induced cell death than rhuEPO^M (21%). The cytoprotective effect of the asialo-rhuEPO^P was found to be mediated by receptor-initiated phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and suppression of caspase 3 activation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that plants are a suitable host for producing cytoprotective rhuEPO derivative. In addition, the general advantages of plant-based expression system can be exploited to address the cost and scalability issues related to its production.     

A core functional region of the RFP1 promoter from Chinese wild grapevine is activated by powdery mildew pathogen and heat stress

RING-finger proteins (RFP) function as ubiquitin ligases and play key roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little information is available on the regulation of RFP expression. Here, we isolate and characterize the RFP promoter sequence from the disease-resistant Chinese wild grape Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe-35-1. Promoter-GUS fusion assays revealed that defense signaling molecules, powdery mildew infection, and heat stress induce VpRFP1 promoter activity. By contrast, the RFP1 promoter isolated from Vitis vinifera was only slightly induced by pathogen infection and heat treatment. By promoter deletion analysis, we found that the ?148 bp region of the VpRFP1 promoter was the core functional promoter region. We also found that, in Arabidopsis, VpRFP1 expressed under its own promoter activated defense-related gene expression and improved disease resistance, but the same construct using the VvRFP1 promoter slightly improve disease resistance. Our results demonstrated that the ?148 bp region of the VpRFP1 promoter plays a key role in response to pathogen and heat stress, and suggested that expression differences between VpRFP1 and VvRFP1 may be key for the differing disease resistance phenotypes of the two Vitis genotypes.     

Facile Patterning of Laser‐Induced Graphene with Tailored Li Nucleation Kinetics for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries

A facile and scalable approach is reported to stabilize the lithium‐metal anode by regulating the Li nucleation and deposition kinetics with laser‐induced graphene (LIG). By processing polyimide (PI) films on copper foils with a laser, a 3D‐hierarchical composite material is constructed, consisting of a highly conductive copper substrate, a pillared array of flexible PI, and most importantly, porous LIG on the walls of the PI pillars. The high number of defects and heteroatoms present in LIG significantly lowers the Li nucleation barrier compared to the copper foil. An overpotential‐free Li nucleation process is identified at current densities lower than 0.2 mA cm^?2. Theoretical computations reveal that the defects serve as nucleation centers during the heterogeneous nucleation of lithium. By adopting such composites, ultrastable lithium‐metal anodes are obtained with high Coulombic efficiencies of ≈99%. Full lithium‐metal cells based on LiFePO₄ cathodes with a material loading of ≈15 mg cm^?2 and a negative/positive ratio of 5/1 could be cycled over 250 times with a capacity loss of less than 10%. The current work highlights the importance of nucleation kinetics on the stability of metallic anodes and demonstrates a practical method toward long lasting Li‐metal batteries.     

Potential host fruits for Drosophila suzukii: olfactory and oviposition preferences and suitability for development

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the spotted wing drosophila, is a pest endemic to Southeast Asia that invaded the Americas and Europe in 2008. In contrast to most of its congeners, D. suzukii possesses a serrated ovipositor that allows it to lay eggs in unwounded commercial fruits, resulting in severe revenue losses for the industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of known host fruits, including cherry, strawberry, blueberry, and grape, and potential host fruits, such as banana and apple, to attack by D. suzukii. Based on the responses to volatile cues offered in a six‐choice olfactometer, the preference of female D. suzukii was ranked in the following order: strawberry = cherry > banana = apple = blueberry = grape, but in no‐choice and choice oviposition tests, the preferences were ranked as follows: cherry > strawberry = blueberry > grape = banana > apple. Furthermore, we reconfirmed that D. suzukii mainly targets rotten fruit for feeding and ripe fruit for oviposition, and females preferred fruits with intensive mechanical damage. Based on developmental parameters, apple was the least suitable host. This study has implications for the control of D. suzukii, especially in mixed fruit orchards, by providing a promising avenue for exploiting behaviour‐based control tools and emphasizing the importance of phenology in host fruit susceptibility.     

平头反颚茧蜂属一新种(膜翅目:茧蜂科)(英文)

本文记述了采自湖北省神农架的平头反颚虽蜂属EudinostigmaTobias一新种：长角反颚茧蜂E．longusWuetChen。该新种触角甚长,24节;盾纵沟前瑞明显,具1深的椭园形中陷,腹板侧沟具刻痕,并胸腹节具中纵肯和叉脊,无小室;后足腿节粗状,长为宽的3．6倍;腹柄节长为端宽的1．7倍。新种模式标本保存于福建农业大学益虫室。     

A Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) for a Novel Medicative Compound Against Depression: a Preparation and Bioavailability Study in Rats

AJS is the code name of an untitled novel medicative compound synthesized by the Tasly Holding Group Company (Tianjin, China) based on the structure of cinnamamide, which is one of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drugs. The drug has better antidepressant effect, achieved by acting on the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor. However, the therapeutic effects of the drug are compromised due to its poor water solubility and lower bioavailability. Herein, a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was developed to improve its solubility and oral bioavailability. AJS-SMEDDS formulation was optimized in terms of drug solubility in the excipients, droplet size, stability, and drug precipitation using a pseudo-ternary diagram. The pharmacokinetic study was performed in rats, and the drug concentration in plasma samples was assayed using the high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. The optimized formulation for SMEDDS has a composition of castor oil 24.5%, Labrasol 28.6%, Cremphor EL 40.8%, and Transcutol HP 2.7% (co-surfactant). No drug precipitation or phase separation was observed from the optimized formulation after 3 months of storing at 25°C. The droplet size of microemulsion formed by the optimized formulation was 26.08 ± 1.68 nm, and the zeta potential was −2.76 mV. The oral bioavailability of AJS-SMEDDS was increased by 3.4- and 35.9-fold, respectively, compared with the solid dispersion and cyclodextrin inclusion; meanwhile, the C_max of AJS-SMEDDS was about 2- and 40-fold as great as the two controls, respectively. In summary, the present SMEDDS enhanced oral bioavailability of AJS and was a promising strategy to orally deliver the drug.KEY WORDS: bioavailability, HPLC-MS/MS, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, solubilization, stability     

Identification of NBS-Type Resistance Gene Homologs in Tobacco Genome

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an important cash crop and an ideal experimental system for studies on plant–pathogen interaction. The sequenced tobacco genome provides an opportunity for examining resistance gene homologs (RGHs) in the tobacco genome. Thirty nucleotide-binding site-type RGHs were annotated from genomic data, and another 281 putative RGHs were identified via PCR amplification from wild and cultivated tobacco. The newly identified RGHs are similar to other known RGHs, and some were categorized into new groups or branches that are different from known Nicotiana R genes or RGHs. Of the 281RGHs, 146 were identified from a single tobacco genome. We did not find any polymorphism at the RGHs in cultivated accessions, implying that strong domestication selection and/or demographic effects might have caused a sharp reduction in nucleotide diversity. Three positive selection sites were found in several RGH groups, while purifying selection is pervasive in the RGH family. Our results provide a primary RGH pool and several positively selected sites for the further functional validation of resistance genes in tobacco.     

氨氧化古菌的生态学研究进展

上百年来细菌一直被认为是地球氨氧化过程的主要驱动者,2005年海洋中分离到迄今唯一的非极端环境泉古菌,发现其氧化氨态氮获得能源生长,是氨氧化古菌。氨氧化古菌和细菌对地球氨氧化过程的相对贡献率,是目前全球氮循环研究最重要的微生物生态学问题之一。已有的证据表明古菌在海洋氨氧化过程中发挥了重要作用,细菌则是土壤氨氧化过程的主要驱动者。本文重点探讨了原位自然环境下氨氧化古菌的生态学研究进展。