Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A novel and potential remedy for cutaneous wound healing and regeneration

Poor healing of cutaneous wounds is a common medical problem in the field of traumatology. Due to the intricate pathophysiological processes of wound healing, the use of conventional treatment methods, such as chemical molecule drugs and traditional dressings, have been unable to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Within recent years, explicit evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potentials on skin wound healing and regeneration. However, the direct application of MSCs still faces many challenges and difficulties. Intriguingly, exosomes as cell-secreted granular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure and containing specific components from the source cells may emerge to be excellent substitutes for MSCs. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) have been demonstrated to be beneficial for cutaneous wound healing and accelerate the process through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include alleviating inflammation, promoting vascularization, and promoting proliferation and migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Therefore, the application of MSC-exosomes may be a promising alternative to cell therapy in the treatment of cutaneous wounds and could promote wound healing through multiple mechanisms simultaneously. This review will provide an overview of the role and the mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in cutaneous wound healing, and elaborate the potentials and future perspectives of MSC-exosomes application in clinical practice.     

KDM4B promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating miR-125b-mediated activation of Wnt signaling

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the aberrant expression of histone-modifying enzymes such as histone demethylases contributes to gastric carcinogenesis and progression. The role of KDM4B in cancer progression has been gradually revealed. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating gastric cancer metastasis of KDM4B remain unclear. In the present study we determined KDM4B expression in gastric cancer and its biologic function in vitro and in vivo. We found that KDM4B expression was significantly increased in most gastric cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Upregulated expression of KDM4B in human gastric cancer was correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro, KDM4B overexpression in AGS cells promoted cell invasion, whereas knockdown of KDM4B inhibited cell invasion. Furthermore, KDM4B overexpression also promoted tumor metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, KDM4B upregulated miR-125b expression and activated Wnt signaling pathway. More important, miR-125b partially mediated KDM4B-induced activation of Wnt signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that KDM4B promoted gastric cancer cell invasion in vitro and cancer metastasis in vivo, at least in part, by upregulating miR-125b expression. These data provided novel insights on the role of KDM4B-driven gastric cancer metastasis and indicated that KDM4B may be served as a potential target for gastric cancer.     

山东蒙山6种造林树种40余年成林效果评价

植被恢复一直是恢复生态学研究的核心问题和首要解决目标。该文拟评估山东蒙山森林植被恢复与重建的现状和程度, 评价不同造林树种对植物多样性的影响, 筛选一批造林工具种, 为今后沂蒙山区森林植被恢复与重建的调控和预测提供依据。采用样地法和样方法, 选择林龄超过40年的6种主要人工林为样地, 采用典型取样法进行林内调查。根据乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数评价物种多样性, 分析乔木径级分布, 判断植物发展类型。结果表明: 乔木层、灌木层和草本层的4种多样性指数较为一致地显示赤松(Pinus densiflora)、栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)、黑松(Pinus thunbergii)、日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)和刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)的成林效果较好, 油松(Pinus tabuliformis)相对较差。6种人工林群落灌木层和草本层的4种多样性指数基本无显著差异, 而乔木层中, 油松人工林群落的4种多样性指数与黑松人工林、刺槐人工林、栓皮栎人工林和日本落叶松人工林存在部分显著差异(p < 0.05)。从整体上看, 人工林群落灌木层发育最好, 4种多样性指数均为灌木层>乔木层>草本层, 且差异大多极显著(p < 0.01)。研究发现: 乔木扩展种29种、隐退种3种、稳定侵入种9种和随机侵入种11种, 表明人工林群落正处于向森林演替的过程中。数据显示: 3种隐退种赤松、油松和日本落叶松均为群落局部优势种, 赤松和油松种群更新困难, 日本落叶松完全没有更新幼苗。作者认为林下发达的灌草层可能是阻碍针叶林天然更新的关键因素。评估筛选出15种造林工具种: 早期开荒工具种(A类) 7种和后期顶级工具种(B类) 8种。其中A1类(建群种) 2种: 赤松和油松, A2类(伴生种) 5种: 黄檀(Dalbergia hupeana)、花曲柳(Fraxinus rhynchophylla)、君迁子(Cerasus serrulata)、山合欢(Albizia kalkora)和鹅耳枥(Carpinus turczaninowii); B1类(建群种) 2种: 栓皮栎和麻栎(Quercus acutissima), B2类(伴生种) 6种: 水榆花楸(Sorbus alnifolia)、槲树(Quercus dentata)、山樱花(Diospyros lotus)、小叶朴(Celtis bungeana)、大叶朴(Celtis koraiensis)和三桠乌药(Lindera obtusiloba)。     

Hormesis Effects of Silver Nanoparticles at Non-Cytotoxic Doses to Human Hepatoma Cells

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted considerable attentions due to their unique properties and diverse applications. Although it has been reported that AgNPs have acute toxic effects on a variety of cultured mammalian cells and animal models, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the associated risk of AgNPs to human health at non-cytotoxic doses. In this paper, HepG2 cells were exposed to 10 nm and 100 nm AgNPs under non-cytotoxic conditions, and cell viability was assessed. At low doses, AgNPs displayed “hormesis” effects by accelerating cell proliferation. Further studies indicated that the activation states of MAPKs were differentially regulated in this process. Specifically, by increasing the expression of downstream genes, p38 MAPK played a central role in non-cytotoxic AgNP-induced hormesis. Moreover, the treatment of HepG2 cells with silver ions (Ag⁺) at the same dose levels induced distinct biological effects, suggesting that different intrinsic properties exist for AgNPs and Ag⁺.     

有机-无机复合材料胶结包膜肥料的研制及评价

应用水基成膜法制备4种有机-无机复合胶结包膜材料,利用圆盘造粒机制备其胶结包膜肥料(B2、PS、F2、F2F),并对其性质进行了测定.性能测试结果表明：胶结包膜肥料成粒率、抗压强度和成膜性由好至差均为B2＞PS＞F2＞F2F.土柱淋洗试验结果表明：B2氮素累积溶出曲线最平缓;48 d内氮素累积溶出率表现为：54.65%(B2)<56.16%(PS)<59.47%(F2)<63.12%(F2F).玉米田间试验结果表明：与等量NPK化肥配施处理相比,4种有机-无机复合材料胶结包膜肥料处理的玉米产量均有所提高,其中B2处理的增产效果最显著(P<0.05),其玉米产量和肥料利用率分别提高了19.72%和20.30%,F2F处理差异不显著,PS和F2处理效果居中且前者好于后者.     

高寒草甸常见雀形目鸟类的卵壳特征

作为胚胎发育的屏障,卵壳特征如卵壳厚度和气孔密度具有重要的生态学意义。本文研究了高寒草甸繁殖的7种代表性雀形目鸟类角百灵（Eremophila alpestris）、小云雀（Alauda gulgula）、黄头鹡鸰（Motacilla citreola）、树麻雀（Passer montanus）、粉红胸鹨（Anthus roseatus）、黄嘴朱顶雀（Carduelis flavirostris）、赭红尾鸲（Phoenicurus ochruros）的卵与卵壳特征,以探索在高寒缺氧环境下,不同科鸟类的适应性调节。结果发现,7种鸟类中,除小云雀和角百灵之外,其他鸟类的卵与卵壳特征均有显著的种间差异（除卵壳厚度和气孔直径之外）;对7种鸟类卵壳厚度、气孔密度、卵体积、卵重之间的线性拟合显示,卵壳厚度、卵体积与气孔密度均无显著相关性（卵壳厚度：P = 0.11,卵体积：P = 0.09）,卵重、卵体积与卵壳厚度呈显著正相关（卵重：r2 = 0.46,P ＜ 0.001;卵体积：r2 = 0.44,P ＜ 0.001）;对7种鸟类卵的数据与繁殖期雌鸟平均体重的线性拟合结果显示：平均卵重、卵壳厚度的差异与雌鸟体重成正相关（卵重：r2 = 0.66,P = 0.03;卵壳厚度：r2 = 0.92,P ＜ 0.01）;对6种鸟类（缺乏粉红胸鹨窝卵数数据）卵的数据与孵卵相关变量的线性拟合结果显示：卵壳厚度及气孔率与窝卵数成负相关（卵壳厚度：r2 = 0.64,P = 0.056;气孔率：r2 = 0.87,P ＜ 0.01）,6种鸟类（缺乏树麻雀巢杯指数数据）气孔率与巢杯指数或巢型无显著相关性（巢杯指数：P = 0.49,巢型：P = 0.435）。卵表面积和总气孔数解释了大部分气孔率差异（87%）,卵重和气孔率与孵卵期无显著相关（P = 0.77）,气孔率显著低于预期气孔率（P＜0.001）。这些结果表明,种间的遗传性（如成鸟的形态、窝卵数等）决定了大部分卵与卵壳特性的差异,但是为适应高寒低氧的气候特征,不同种的鸟都具有相对厚的卵壳和低的气孔率特征,说明环境因素同样影响卵的进化。另外,单纯的卵特性（卵体积和气孔率）并不能决定孵卵期的长短,亲鸟的孵卵行为同样具有重要的影响,角百灵虽然离巢频率相对较高,但是孵卵期却相对较短,这可能与其较高的气孔率有关。     

豆野螟的生物防治研究进展与展望

豆野螟Maruca vitrata是豇豆等豆类作物的世界性重要害虫,常年在亚热带地区严重发生,防控难度很大。传统的化学防治方法难以对其进行长久且有效的控制,因而造成害虫抗药性增强、超范围使用化学农药等诸多不良现象,严重威胁人民群众身体健康与生态安全。而生物防治作为减少化学农药用量与残留的关键技术之一,在当前我国绿色农业高速发展期更应引起研究人员的高度重视。因此,本文围绕豆野螟生物防治的研究现状与进展,分别从昆虫性信息素、天敌昆虫资源、昆虫病原物、植物源农药等4个方面进行了概述,并深入探讨了我国豆野螟生物防治领域的研究前景与方向,为豆野螟绿色防控体系的全方位建设提供参考,助力我国绿色农业高质量发展。     

黑蜂王台病毒中国BQCV-JL1株5'UTR的序列分析

蜜蜂黑蜂王台病毒(Black queen cell virus,BQCV)是引起蜜蜂蜜蜂黑蜂王台病的病原体,主要侵染蜜蜂蜂王幼虫。BQCV基因组为单正链RNA,包括5'端的ORF 1和3'端的ORF 2两个开放阅读框。分别编码非结构蛋白和结构蛋白。本实验室首次成功分离鉴定得到中国首株BQCV毒株,命名为中国BQCV-JL1株。该株全长为8 358 nt。【目的】本文主要研究该株核苷酸序列位置为1~1 124 nt的片段,该段序列的1~545 nt为该毒株的5'UTR区域。【方法】通过Blast及DNAStar等软件对核苷酸及氨基酸序列进行分析。【结果】5'UTR区域的同源性为94%~99%,为高度保守序列。【结论】经Mega5软件作多重序列对比分析得知,该中国BQCV-JL1株的5'UTR区域与其他毒株差异性很大,经分析推断原因为碱基的缺失与碱基置换。     

不同土壤覆盖物对旱作水稻生长和产量影响

在四川盆地通过田间试验研究了不同覆盖物对旱作水稻植株生长及产量的影响。结果表明,在有效铁含量较高而有效锰含量较低的土壤上,覆盖地膜及传统淹水处理在整个生育期没有表现缺锰症,而覆盖麦秆处理前期分蘖能力差,生长缓慢,表现严重的缺锰症。在覆麦秆处理裂区灌施2‰的MnSO4溶液（每次450kg/hm^2）两次后,水稻株高、分蘖和生物量都迅速增加,说明覆麦秆处理水稻受到了锰的胁迫。其原因与地膜处理明显提高土壤温度,而覆麦秆处理却具有降温作用有关。试验还发现,灌施锰肥能够补偿温度降低所造成的不利影响,水稻产量以覆地膜处理最高,其次是覆秆灌锰处理,再是是传统淹水处理,覆麦秆未灌施锰肥处理产量最低,后与其它处理差异也达极显水平。覆地膜条件下,水稻产量随施氮量的提高而提高,但当施氮量为150kg/hm^2后产量变化不大。与传统淹水相比,覆盖旱作处理显降低总耗水量,节水率达63.1%;并在产量基本不变或有所提高的前提下,提高水分利用效率2－3倍。