脓青素对光抑制条件下菠菜叶绿体的保护作用

在有氧条件下,脓青素可以缓解强光对菠菜叶绿体电子传递的抑制作用。加入解联剂尼日利亚菌素消除跨膜质子梯度会加剧叶绿体的光抑制,但脓青素的保护作用并不消失。脓青素对光系统Ⅰ与光系统Ⅱ均表现出保护作用,但对ＰＳⅡ的保护在光抑制初期较明显;在厌氧条件下,脓青素加剧叶绿体的光抑制,引起ＤＣＩＰ光还原与水到ｐ－ＢＱ电子传递活力的降低。推测脓青素可能通过促进细胞色素ｂ５５９介导的ＰＳⅡ循环电子传递,减轻了叶绿体的光抑制。     

Negative Life Events and Attempted Suicide in Rural China

Objective

This study aimed to examine the association between negative life events (NLEs) and attempted suicide in rural China.

Methods

Six rural counties were selected from disease surveillance points in Shandong province, China. A total of 409 suicide attempters in rural areas between October 1, 2009, and March 31, 2011, and an equal number of matched controls were interviewed. We compared negative life events experienced within 1 month, 1–3 months, 3–6months, and 6–2 months prior to attempted suicide for cases and prior to interview for controls. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between NLEs and attempted suicide.

Results

Suicide attempters experienced more NLEs within the last year prior to suicide attempt than controls prior to interview (83.1% vs. 33.5%). There was a significant dose-response relationship between NLEs experienced within the last year and increased risk of attempted suicide. Timing of NLEs analysis showed that NLEs experienced in the last month and 6–12 months prior to suicide attempt were significantly associated with elevated risk of attempted suicide, even after adjusting for mental disorders and demographic factors. Of NLEs, quarrelling with spouse, quarrelling with other family members, conflicting with friends or neighbors, family financial difficulty, and serious illness were independently related to attempted suicide.

Conclusion

NLEs are significantly associated with increased risk for attempted suicide in rural China. Stress management and intervention may be important to prevent suicidal behavior in rural China.     

影响农杆菌介导的柑桔基因转化因素研究

以柑桔（ Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ） 中的枳壳、甜橙、柠檬、四季桔上胚轴为对象, 进行了农杆菌介导的柑桔衰退病病毒外壳蛋白基因转化影响因素研究, 最终将衰退病病毒外壳蛋白基因转入枳壳。研究结果表明： 以卡那霉素为选择试剂, 且外植体水平放置时, 枳壳的选择浓度为５０μｇ／ｍＬ, 其它品种为２０ ～３０μｇ／ｍＬ。外植体与农杆菌的共培养时间３ ｄ 最好, ７０ ～１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的酚类化合物（Ａｓ） 的添加对外植体Ｇｕｓ 瞬时表达阳性率有明显促进作用。转化所用外植体年龄以２０ ｄ 最好, 品种之间抗性芽产生率与Ｇｕｓ 阳性芽产生率明显不同。以质粒ＤＮＡＮｃｏⅠ酶切产物为探针, 进行了Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ 分析, 结果表明外源基因已稳定整合到了枳壳植株的核基因组中。     

长期不同施肥措施下岩溶水稻土可培养细菌群落变化及其主要影响因素

【背景】施肥是目前提高作物产量的较优策略,不同的施肥措施在不同程度上影响土壤肥力和微生物群落结构。【目的】探究岩溶水稻土理化性质变化与细菌群落变化的对应关系,进而反映不同施肥措施对土壤可培养细菌群落的影响。最后选出最优施肥方案,为后续的合理施肥工作提供依据。【方法】对岩溶水稻土进行不施肥、常规施肥、常规施肥加绿肥3种施肥处理,通过对土壤理化性质、可培养细菌群落丰度及多样性变化的研究,探究在不同施肥措施下对岩溶水稻土壤细菌群落的影响。【结果】对比不施肥处理,常规施肥处理下土壤pH值和有机碳含量下降,结合大量研究结果证明,无机肥或氮肥的长期过量施加使土壤pH值下降,常规施肥加绿肥有利于有机碳的积累。分离纯化共得到164株菌,分别来自Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes和Proteobacteria。属水平上常规施肥配施绿肥较常规施肥组优势菌属Sphingomonas、Lysobacter的相对丰度增加。细菌群落多样性增加,出现Paenibacillus、Streptomyces和Pseudomonas等特有功能菌属。优势菌属Sphingopyxis、Lysobacter、Paenibacillus、Bosea、Streptomyces、Pseudomonas和Bacillus与TN存在显著正相关,在常规施肥加绿肥处理土壤中增加。【结论】常规施肥加绿肥处理下,固氮、溶磷等功能菌丰度增加,增加土壤肥力,保持土壤养分的可利用性,对作物的增产起重要作用。岩溶水稻土常规施肥配施绿肥处理的效果优于不施肥和常规施肥处理。     

Overexpression of the Malus hupehensis MhNPR1 gene increased tolerance to salt and osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco

Earlier, we have reported that overexpression of Malus hupehensis Non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene 1 (MhNPR1) gene in tobacco could induce the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and enhance resistance to fungus Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we showed that MhNPR1 can be induced by NaCl, PEG6000, low temperature (4 °C), abscisic acid and apple aphids’ treatments in M. hupehensis. Heterogonous expression of MhNPR1 gene in tobacco conferred enhanced resistance to NaCl at the stage of seed germination, and conferred resistance to mannitol at the stage of seed germination and to PEG6000 at the stage of seedlings. Furthermore, overexpression of MhNPR1 in transgenic tobacco led to higher expression levels of osmotic-stress related genes compared with wild-type plants. This was the first report of a novel function of NPR1 that overexpression of MhNPR1 gene has a positive effect on salt and osmotic stress in tobacco, which differs from the function that overexpressing of AtNPR1 gene has a negative effect on dehydration and salt stress in rice.     

光合作用条件下烟草叶片中的NADP含量分析

用酶循环法在叶片水平上分析NADP含量的结果显示,在光照条件下,NADP含量呈现出先迅速下降进而缓慢上升的变化,上升过程受高温和抗霉素A(antimycin A)抑制,说明此法所得结果能够反映光合作用条件下叶中内源NADP含量的变化趋势.     

Identification and tissue-specific expression of amphioxus GM2 activator protein gene from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri.

An amphioxus cDNA, AmphiGM2AP, encoding GM2 activator protein was isolated from the gut cDNA library of Branchiostoma belcheri. It is 907 bp long, and its longest open reading frame codes for a precursor protein consisting of 242 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 14 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence includes a conserved domain typical of GM2APs between residues 53 and 224, a single N-linked glycosylation site at position 65 and 8 conserved cysteines. Phylogenetic analysis showed that amphiGM2AP forms a club together with invertebrate GM2APs, indicating that AmphiGM2AP is evolutionarily closely related to invertebrate GM2APs rather than vertebrate ones. Both Northern blotting and in situ hybridization histochemistry analyses revealed a tissue-specific expression pattern of AmphiGM2AP in adult amphioxus with the strongest expression in the digestive system, which is in contrast to the widespread expression pattern of human, mouse and sheep GM2AP genes. It is suggested that AmphiGM2AP is possibly involved in the take-in of digested food components like lipid molecules.