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1.
Nest box provisioning is a common management tool intended to increase population size or stability of threatened birds, but its effectiveness is rarely assessed. The provisioning of nest boxes may lead to unexpected results if nest type imprinting prevents naïve adult birds from immigrating into the nest box population, or limiting the ability of juveniles reared in nest boxes to emigrate to areas with only natural nesting substrates. We analyzed the population trends from 2008 to 2010 of southeastern American kestrels Falco sparverius paulus associated with a network of nest boxes in north‐central Florida, USA, with Bayesian integrated population models (IPMs) that simultaneously considered mark–recapture data sets, fledgling production, and population surveys. We evaluated the demography of the nest box population by comparing population growth rates, apparent survival probabilities, and recapture probabilities between an IPM that explicitly modeled immigration and one that did not. Overall population growth rates suggested that the population was stable, and that immigration was apparently important in maintaining this stability, with approximately 0.3 and 0.5 female immigrants per resident female kestrel each year. Explicitly modeling immigration resulted in lower estimates of juvenile kestrel apparent survival probability, suggesting that a large proportion of locally produced juveniles emigrated rather than recruited locally. We concluded that neither preference for natural cavities nor imprinting on artificial nest boxes appeared to prevent immigration from maintaining the stability of the local population. Natal habitat preference imprinting on nest sites may occur to some degree, but it did not preclude the adoption of nest boxes by most breeding kestrels. We also found additional indications that many juvenile kestrels fledged from nest boxes emigrated to the surrounding natural areas. 相似文献
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Simone Muniz Pacheco Juliana Hofstätter Azambuja Taíse Rosa de Carvalho Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares Pathise Souto Oliveira Elita Ferreira da Silveira Francieli Moro Stefanello Elizandra Braganhol Jessié Martins Gutierres Roselia Maria Spanevello 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2018,38(5):1107-1121
Altered astrocytic function is a contributing factor to the development of neurological diseases and neurodegeneration. Berry fruits exert neuroprotective effects by modulating pathways involved in inflammation, neurotransmission, and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the lingonberry extract on cellular viability and oxidative stress in astrocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the reversal protocol, primary astrocytic cultures were first exposed to 1 µg/mL LPS for 3 h and subsequently treated with lingonberry extract (10, 30, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. In the prevention protocol, exposure to the lingonberry extract was performed before treatment with LPS. In both reversal and prevention protocols, the lingonberry extracts, from 10 to 100 μg/mL, attenuated LPS-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (around 55 and 45%, respectively, P?<?0.01), nitrite levels (around 50 and 45%, respectively, P?<?0.05), and acetylcholinesterase activity (around 45 and 60%, respectively, P?<?0.05) in astrocytic cultures at 24 and 48 h. Also, in both reversal and prevention protocols, the lingonberry extract also prevented and reversed the LPS-induced decreased cellular viability (around 45 and 90%, respectively, P?<?0.05), thiol content (around 55 and 70%, respectively, P?<?0.05), and superoxide dismutase activity (around 50 and 145%, respectively, P?<?0.05), in astrocytes at both 24 and 48 h. Our findings suggested that the lingonberry extract exerted a glioprotective effect through an anti-oxidative mechanism against LPS-induced astrocytic damage. 相似文献
3.
Jaques JA Rezer JF Gonçalves JF Spanevello RM Gutierres JM Pimentel VC Thomé GR Morsch VM Schetinger MR Leal DB 《Cell biochemistry and function》2011,29(8):703-707
With the evidence that curcumin may be a potent neuroprotective agent and that cigarette smoke is associated with a decline in the cognitive performance as our bases, we investigated the activities of Ecto‐Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'‐nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in cerebral cortex synaptosomes from cigarette smoke‐exposed rats treated with curcumin (Cur). The experimental procedures entailed two sets of experiments. In the first set, the groups were vehicle, Cur 12·5, 25 and 50 mg·kg–1; those in the second set were vehicle, smoke, smoke and Cur 12·5, 25 and 50 mg·kg–1. Curcumin prevented the increased NTPDase, 5'‐nucleotidase and AChE activities caused by smoke exposure. We suggest that treatment with Cur was protective because the decrease of ATP and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations is responsible for cognitive impairment, and both ATP and ACh have key roles in neurotransmission. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Cywin CL Firestone RA McNeil DW Grygon CA Crane KM White DM Kinkade PR Hopkins JL Davidson W Labadia ME Wildeson J Morelock MM Peterson JD Raymond EL Brown ML Spero DM 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2003,11(5):733-740
The design and synthesis of dipeptidyl disulfides and dipeptidyl benzoylhydrazones as selective inhibitors of the cysteine protease Cathepsin S are described. These inhibitors were expected to form a slowly reversible covalent adduct of the active site cysteine of Cathepsin S. Formation of the initial adduct was confirmed by mass spectral analysis. The nature and mechanism of these adducts was explored. Kinetic analysis of the benzoyl hydrazones indicate that these inhibitors are acting as irreversible inhibitors of Cathepsin S. Additionally, the benzoylhydrazones were shown to be potent inhibitors of Cathepsin S processing of Class II associated invariant peptide both in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
5.
Earl Julia E. Chaney Jordan C. Sutton William B. Lillard Carson E. Kouba Andrew J. Langhorne Cecilia Krebs Jessi Wilkes Rebecca P. Hill Rachel D. Miller Debra L. Gray Matthew J. 《Oecologia》2016,182(2):611-623
Oecologia - There is growing evidence that pathogens play a role in population declines and species extinctions. For small populations, disease-induced extinction may be especially probable. We... 相似文献
6.
Gutierres JM Kaizer RR Schmatz R Mazzanti CM Vieira JM Rodrigues MV Jaques J Carvalho F Zanini D Morsch VM Schetinger MR Spanevello RM 《Cell biochemistry and function》2012,30(4):286-292
α-Tocopherol (α-Toc) is involved in various physiologic processes, which present antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. High-fat diets have an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disturbances. This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with α-Toc and the consumption of high-fat diets on ectonucleotidase activities in synaptosomes of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of rats. Animals were divided into four different groups, which received standard diet (control), high-fat saturated diet (HF), α-Toc and high-fat saturated diet plus α-Toc (α-Toc + HF). High-fat saturated diet was administered ad libitum and α-Toc by gavage using a dose of 50 mg·kg(-1). After 3 months of treatment, animals were submitted to euthanasia, and cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum were collected for biochemical assays. Results showed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) hydrolysis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum were decreased in HF in comparison to the other groups (P < 0·05). When rats that received HF were treated with α-Toc, the activity of the ectonucleotidases was similar to the control. ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum were increased in the α-Toc group when compared with the other groups (P < 0·05). These findings demonstrated that the HF alters the purinergic signaling in the nervous system and that the treatment with α-Toc was capable of modulating the adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in this experimental condition. 相似文献
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8.
Victor Camera Pimentel Daniela Zanini Andréia Machado Cardoso Roberta Schmatz Margarete Dulce Bagatini Jessié Martins Gutierres Fabiano Carvalho Jéssica Lopes Gomes Maribel Rubin Vera Maria Morsch Maria Beatriz Moretto Mariana Colino-Oliveira Ana Maria Sebastião Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger 《Neurochemical research》2013,38(4):886-894
It is well known that the levels of adenosine in the brain increase dramatically during cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insults. Its levels are tightly regulated by physiological and pathophysiological changes that occur during the injury acute phase. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the neonatal HI event on cytosolic and ecto-enzymes of purinergic system––NTPDase, 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA)––in cerebral cortex of rats immediately post insult. Furthermore, the Na+/K+-ATPase activity, adenosine kinase (ADK) expression and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were assessed. Immediately after the HI event the cytosolic NTPDase and 5′-NT activities were increased in the cerebral cortex. In synaptosomes there was an increase in the ecto-ADA activity while the Na+/K+ ATPase activity presented a decrease. The difference between ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine degradation in synaptosomal and cytosolic fractions could indicate that NTPDase, 5′-NT and ADA were differently affected after insult. Interestingly, no alterations in the ADK expression were observed. Furthermore, the Na+/K+-ATPase activity was correlated negatively with the cytosolic NTPDase activity and TBARS content. The increased hydrolysis of nucleotides ATP, ADP and AMP in the cytosol could contribute to increased adenosine levels, which could be related to a possible innate neuroprotective mechanism aiming at potentiating the ambient levels of adenosine. Together, these results may help the understanding of the mechanism by which adenosine is produced following neonatal HI injury, therefore highlighting putative therapeutical targets to minimize ischemic injury and enhance recovery. 相似文献
9.
Kelli J. Mattson Alyse De Vries Susie M. McGuire Jessi Krebs Edward E. Louis Naida M. Loskutoff 《Zoo biology》2007,26(5):363-369
The design and implementation of assisted reproductive technology to improve genetic diversity and augment captive populations is an important but rarely applied research field in reptiles. Using the corn snake (Elaphe gutatta) as a model, the Henry Doorly Zoo recently produced offspring born as a result of artificial insemination using both fresh, diluted semen, and diluted semen stored at refrigeration for 3 days. Semen was collected noninvasively from sexually mature male corn snakes using a gentle massaging technique, extended in medium then inseminated into the oviducts of adult females. Using molecular genetic techniques to confirm or refute the success of the insemination using primers developed for the black rat snake, Elaphe obsolete, all possible parents and offspring genotypes were evaluated. A paternity‐by‐exclusion analysis verified that the offspring were in fact a result of artificial insemination. Zoo Biol 26:363–369, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
10.
Bekkali Y Thomson DS Betageri R Emmanuel MJ Hao MH Hickey E Liu W Patel U Ward YD Young ER Nelson R Kukulka A Brown ML Crane K White D Freeman DM Labadia ME Wildeson J Spero DM 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2007,17(9):2465-2469
The synthesis and in vitro activities of a series of succinyl-nitrile-based inhibitors of Cathepsin S are described. Several members of this class show nanomolar inhibition of the target enzyme as well as cellular potency. The inhibitors displaying the greatest potency contain N-alkyl substituted piperidine and pyrrolidine rings spiro-fused to the alpha-carbon of the P1 residue. 相似文献