排序方式: 共有38条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jennifer W. Hill Carol F. Elias Makoto Fukuda Kevin W. Williams Eric D. Berglund William L. Holland You-Ree Cho Jen-Chieh Chuang Yong Xu Michelle Choi Danielle Lauzon Charlotte E. Lee Roberto Coppari James A. Richardson Jeffrey M. Zigman Streamson Chua Philipp E. Scherer Bradford B. Lowell Jens C. Brüning Joel K. Elmquist 《Cell metabolism》2010,11(4):286-297
2.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a relatively novel anti-cancer modality. Like other new cancer treatments, effective OV therapy will likely require combination with conventional treatments. In order to design combinatorial treatments that work well together, a greater scrutiny of the mechanisms behind the individual treatments is needed. Sindbis virus (SV) based vectors have previously been shown to target and kill tumors in xenograft, syngeneic, and spontaneous mouse models. However, the effect of SV treatment on the immune system has not yet been studied. Here we used a variety of methods, including FACS analysis, cytotoxicity assays, cell depletion, imaging of tumor growth, cytokine blockade, and survival experiments, to study how SV therapy affects Natural Killer (NK) cell function in SCID mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma tumors. Surprisingly, we found that SV anti-cancer efficacy is largely NK cell-dependent. Furthermore, the enhanced therapeutic effect previously observed from Sin/IL12 vectors, which carry the gene for interleukin 12, is also NK cell dependent, but works through a separate IFNγ-dependent mechanism, which also induces the activation of peritoneal macrophages. These results demonstrate the multimodular nature of SV therapy, and open up new possibilities for potential synergistic or additive combinatorial therapies with other treatments. 相似文献
3.
Seventy-seven animal isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) obtained from the United States were analyzed by phage typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Thirty-nine strains were found with phage types (PT) 4, 8, and 13a. When the chromosomal DNA of these 39 isolated strains with PT4, 8, and 13a were digested with XbaI, SpeI and NotI, followed by PFGE analysis, 28 strains were found with a pattern combination of X4S4N4, which was the major subtype. When PFGE patterns of the US isolates with PT 4 and 8 were compared with those of the Taiwanese and German isolates, pattern X3S3N3 was confirmed to be the world-wide subtype shared by PT 4 isolates, as previously reported, while pattern X4S4N4 was newly found to be the most common subtype shared by PT 8 strains. The presence of such major world-wide clones, however, does not necessarily mean that these clones are highly virulent, at least not according to the results of invasiveness assays using cultured human intestinal epithelium cell line Int-407 and living BALB/mice. 相似文献
4.
W. F. Humphreys Jen-Chieh Shiao Yoshiyuki Iizuka Wann-Nian Tzeng 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2006,75(4):439-453
Synopsis The blind cavefish, Milyeringa veritas, inhabits an anchialine system, effectively a groundwater estuary, in which salinity varies between fresh and seawater at
different locations and depths. Owing to the inaccessible habitat and the threatened status of the cavefish it is hard to
obtain the biological information needed for their management. This paper explores the utility of otolith Sr:Ca ratio in elucidating
cavefish biology. The mean Sr:Ca ratio of the water inhabited by the cavefish is correlated with both the TDS (total dissolved
solids) of the habitat and with the Sr:Ca ratio of the sagittal otolith of the cavefish inhabiting that site. Mean values
of Sr:Ca in otoliths suggest some cavefish inhabit sea or brackish waters while others remain in freshwater. Some individuals
appear to move between waters of very different TDS at various stages but there is no consistency in the direction or apparent
TDS range of the water bodies inhabited which indicates that the cavefish utilise the different water bodies opportunistically.
Residual analyses indicate clear and routine changes in the TDS of the water occupied at various phases of growth, irrespective
of the TDS at which the cavefish were sampled. Annular markings are present in some otoliths but they cannot be related to
likely periodicities in the subterranean environment. 相似文献
5.
Sakata I Park WM Walker AK Piper PK Chuang JC Osborne-Lawrence S Zigman JM 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2012,302(10):E1300-E1310
The peptide hormone ghrelin is released from a distinct group of gastrointestinal cells in response to caloric restriction, whereas its levels fall after eating. The mechanisms by which ghrelin secretion is regulated remain largely unknown. Here, we have used primary cultures of mouse gastric mucosal cells to investigate ghrelin secretion, with an emphasis on the role of glucose. Ghrelin secretion from these cells upon exposure to different d-glucose concentrations, the glucose antimetabolite 2-deoxy-d-glucose, and other potential secretagogues was assessed. The expression profile of proteins involved in glucose transport, metabolism, and utilization within highly enriched pools of mouse ghrelin cells and within cultured ghrelinoma cells was also determined. Ghrelin release negatively correlated with d-glucose concentration. Insulin blocked ghrelin release, but only in a low d-glucose environment. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose prevented the inhibitory effect of high d-glucose exposure on ghrelin release. mRNAs encoding several facilitative glucose transporters, hexokinases, the ATP-sensitive potassium channel subunit Kir6.2, and sulfonylurea type 1 receptor were expressed highly within ghrelin cells, although neither tolbutamide nor diazoxide exerted direct effects on ghrelin secretion. These findings suggest that direct exposure of ghrelin cells to low ambient d-glucose stimulates ghrelin release, whereas high d-glucose and glucose metabolism within ghrelin cells block ghrelin release. Also, low d-glucose sensitizes ghrelin cells to insulin. Various glucose transporters, channels, and enzymes that mediate glucose responsiveness in other cell types may contribute to the ghrelin cell machinery involved in regulating ghrelin secretion under these different glucose environments, although their exact roles in ghrelin release remain uncertain. 相似文献
6.
The feasibility of high-rate composting of barley dregs and sewage sludge was examined using a pilot scale bioreactor. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the mix ratio of barley dregs/sewage sludge and moisture content. The performance of the bioreactor was monitored as a function of carbon decomposition rate (CDR) and total volatile solids (TVS) loss rate. The optimum range of mix ratio and moisture content was found to be 35-40% and 55-60%, respectively. High CO2 evolution rate (CER) and TVS loss rate were observed after 3 days of the composting and the compost was matured/stable after 7 days. Cardinal temperature model with inflection (CTMI) was used to analyze the compost stability with respect to CER as a parameter of composting efficiency. After examining the phytotoxicity, the compost can be promoted for land application. 相似文献
7.
The three species of bluefin tunas, Thunnus orientalis, T. maccoyii, and T. thynnus, are morphologically similar, which can pose problems for fisheries management and marketing. We examined intraspecific genetic diversity and interspecific genetic boundaries among these three species by analyzing the cytochrome (Cyt) b gene. The full lengths of the nucleotide sequences were 1,141 bp in T. orientalis and T. thynnus and ranged 1,138?~?1,141 bp in T. maccoyii. Mean nucleotide diversities were 0.0019?±?0.0002 in T. thynnus (n?=?8), 0.0063?±?0.0005 in T. orientalis (n?=?22), and 0.0059?±?0.0007 in T. maccoyii (n?=?24). Average numbers of nucleotide differences and nucleotide substitutions per site among the three species were 18.748?±?2.879 and 0.017?±?0.003, respectively. The Neighbor-joining and minimum-evolution trees showed distinct clades with high bootstrapping value support, and the high Fst value indicated significant differentiation among the three species. T. thynnus, T. orientalis, and T. maccoyii could be individually distinguished from each other Thunnus tunas by the 132nd, 375th, and 1,023rd sites of the Cyt b sequences. In the mismatch analysis, Fu??s and Tajima??s tests of sequences from T. orientalis and T. maccoyii provided evidence of their population expansion dating to the middle Pleistocene. 相似文献
8.
Jen-Chieh Liao Chung-Han Ho Fu-Wen Liang Jhi-Joung Wang Kao-Chang Lin Chung-Ching Chio Jinn-Rung Kuo 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the one-year mortality associations in hemodialysis patients who underwent neurosurgical intervention after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a nationwide database in Taiwan.Materials and Methods
An age- and gender-matched longitudinal cohort study of 4416 subjects, 1104 TBI patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 3312 TBI patients without ESRD, was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between January 2000 and December 2007. The demographic characteristics, length of stay (LOS), length of ICU stay, length of ventilation (LOV), and tracheostomy were collected and analyzed. The co-morbidities of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF) were also evaluated.Results
TBI patients with ESRD presented a shorter LOS, a longer length of ICU stay and LOV, and a higher percentage of comorbidities compared with those without ESRD. TBI patients with ESRD displayed a stable trend of one-year mortality rate, 75.82% to 76.79%, from 2000–2007. For TBI patients with ESRD, the median survival time was 0.86 months, and pre-existing stroke was a significant risk factor of mortality (HR: 1.29, 95% C.I.: 1.08–1.55). Pre-existing DM (HR: 1.35, 95% C.I.: 1.12–1.63) and MI (HR: 1.61, 95% C.I.: 1.07–2.42) effect on the mortality in ESRD patients who underwent TBI surgical intervention in the younger (age<65) and older (age≥65) population, respectively. In addition, the length of ICU stay and tracheostomy may provide important information to predict the mortality risk.Conclusions
This is the first report indicating an increased risk of one-year mortality among TBI patients with a pre-existing ERSD insult. Comorbidities were more common in TBI patients with ESRD. Physicians should pay more attention to TBI patients with ESRD based on the status of age, comorbidities, length of ICU stay, and tracheostomy to improve their survival. 相似文献9.
Jen-Chieh Shiao 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2006,331(2):121-132
This study investigates the effects of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thiourea (TU) on the metamorphosis of tarpon Megalops cryprinoides leptocephali. TU is an anti-thyroid hormone drug that inhibits the production of T4 and T3 in the thyroid tissue. Fully grown tarpons leptocephali were collected at the river mouth and, in the laboratory, were immediately treated with 100 ppb T4, 10 ppb T3, or 300 ppm TU. The appropriate concentrations were validated in a preliminary dose response experiment. Morphological and physiological characteristics that indicate metamorphic processes were measured every 2 days. T4 and T3 slightly speeded up the metamorphosis of tarpons compared with the control group. The experimental treatments produced accelerated reductions in length, increases in head/body ratio, swimbladder development, and loss of body water and sodium. In contrast, TU treatment caused metamorphic stasis with complete inhibition of metamorphosis between days 6 and 8. Thyroid hormone treatment stimulated fast otolith growth while TU treatment stopped otolith growth between days 6 and 9. Leptocephali in T4, T3 and control groups completed metamorphosis in 10-14 days, but TU-treated tarpons remained in the metamorphic leptocephalus stage more than 22 days. In addition, the inhibition of leptocephalus metamorphosis by 300 ppm TU can be reversed in the presence of 10 ppb T3. These results indicate that thyroid hormones are involved in regulating the metamorphosis of leptocephali. 相似文献
10.
Yung-Che Chen Chang-Chun Hsiao Kuang-Den Chen Yu-Chiang Hung Ching-Yuan Wu Chien-Hao Lie Shih-Feng Liu Ming-Tse Sung Chung-Jen Chen Ting-Ya Wang Jen-Chieh Chang Petrus Tang Wen-Feng Fang Yi-Hsi Wang Yu-Hsiu Chung Tung-Ying Chao Sum-Yee Leung Mao-Chang Su Chin-Chou Wang Meng-Chih Lin 《PloS one》2013,8(2)