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1.
G. Schwarz W. Michalek V. Mohler G. Wenzel A. Jahoor 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(3-4):521-530
The complex Mla locus of barley determines resistance to the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei. With a view towards gene isolation, a population consisting of 950 F2 individuals derived from a cross between the near-isogenic lines ‘P01’ (Mla1) and ‘P10’ (Mla12) was used to construct a high-resolution map of the Mla region. A fluorescence-based AFLP technique and bulked segregant analysis were applied to screen for polymorphic, tightly
linked AFLP markers. Three AFLP markers were selected as suitable for a chromosome-landing strategy. One of these AFLP markers
and a closely linked RFLP marker were converted into sequence-specific PCR markers. PCR-based screening of approximately 70 000
yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones revealed three identical YACs harbouring the Mla locus. Terminal insert sequences were obtained using inverse PCR. The derived STS marker from the right YAC end-clone was
mapped distal to the Mla locus.
Received: 17 July 1998 / Accepted: 9 August 1998 相似文献
2.
L.?EriksenEmail author F.?Afshari M.?J.?Christiansen R.?A.?McIntosh A.?Jahoor C.?R.?Wellings 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,108(3):567-575
Stripe or yellow rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease in many wheat-growing regions of the world. A number of major genes providing resistance to stripe rust have been used in breeding, including one gene that is present in the differential tester Carstens V. The objective of this study was to locate and map a stripe rust resistance gene transferred from Carstens V to Avocet S and to use molecular tools to locate a number of genes segregating in the cross Savannah/Senat. One of the genes present in Senat was predicted to be a gene that is present in Carstens V. For this latter purpose, stripe rust response data from both seedling and field tests on a doubled haploid population consisting of 77 lines were compared to an available molecular map for the same lines using a non-parametric quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Results obtained in Denmark suggested that a strong component of resistance with the specificity of Carstens V was located in chromosome arm 2AL, and this was consistent with chromosome location work undertaken in Australia. Since this gene segregated independently of Yr1, the only other stripe rust resistance gene known to be located in this chromosome arm, it was designated Yr32. Further QTLs originating from Senat were located in chromosomes 1BL, 4D, and 7DS and from Savannah on 5B, but it was not possible to characterize them as unique resistance genes in any definitive way. Yr32 was detected in several wheats, including the North American differential tester Tres. 相似文献
3.
Afolabi PR Jahoor F Gibson NR Jackson AA 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2004,287(2):E327-E330
The plasma concentrations of albumin, HDL apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), retinol-binding protein (RBP), transthyretin (TTR), haptoglobulin, and fibrinogen were measured, and a stable isotope infusion protocol was used to determine the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of RBP, TTR, and fibrinogen in 12 young adults on three occasions during a reduction of their habitual protein intake from 1.13 to 0.75 g x kg(-1) x day(-1) for 10 days. This study was performed to determine whether healthy adults could maintain the rates of synthesis of selected nutrient transport and positive acute-phase proteins when consuming a protein intake of 0.75 g x kg(-1) x day(-1). During the lower protein intake, the plasma concentration of all the proteins, other than HDL-apoA1, remained unchanged. HDL-apoA1 concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after 3 days of the lower protein intake, but not at 10 days. The rates of synthesis of RBP and TTR declined significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the rate of synthesis of fibrinogen remained unchanged. The results indicate that, when normal adults consume the recommended safe level of protein, 0.75 g x kg(-1) x day(-1), there is a slower rate of turnover of nutrient transport proteins than on their habitual diet. Hence, healthy individuals consuming this amount of protein may be less able to mount an adequate metabolic response to a stressful stimulus. 相似文献
4.
Molina-Cano JL Simiand JP Sopena A Pérez-Vendrell AM Dorsch S Rubiales D Swanston JS Jahoor A 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(7):1278-1287
Mildew-resistant mutants were induced with sodium azide in three North American malting barley cultivars, two in the six-rowed Ursula (URS1 and URS2), one in the six-rowed Gertrud (GER1), and one in the two-rowed Prudentia (PRU1). Two of the mutants, URS1 and PRU1, showed complete resistance and were shown to have two new alleles at the mlo locus; these were designated, respectively, mlo31 and mlo32. Mutant URS2, showing partial resistance, was inherited as a dominant gene, but was not an allele at the Mla locus. The mean yield of each mutant was higher than that of its parental line, but yield levels varied across environments, although this was independent of the severity of the mildew attack. Other reasons, for example, the severity of the necrotic lesions in the mutants, may account for yield variations. The malting quality of the GER1 mutant proved similar to that of Gertrud, but both URS1 and URS2 showed lower malt extract than Ursula. This lower extract might be due to the smaller grain size of the mutants that could, in turn, result from necrotic lesions in the leaves, as implied by the effects on grain yield.Communicated by G. Wenzel 相似文献
5.
Jackson AA Phillips G McClelland I Jahoor F 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2001,281(5):G1179-G1187
The plasma concentration and hepatic synthesis rates of albumin, transthyretin, very low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 (VLDL-apoB-100), high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-1, fibrinogen, alpha1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin were measured in six normal adults before and after consuming a protein intake of 0.6 g. kg body wt(-1). day(-1) for 7 days. The synthesis of hepatic proteins was measured from the incorporation of [(2)H(5)]- phenylalanine, following prime/continuous infusion, using plasma VLDL-apoB-100 isotopic enrichment to represent the precursor pool. Synthesis of albumin declined by 50% (P < 0.001) following the lower-protein diet, VLDL-apoB-100 declined by 20% (P < 0.001), and apoA-1 declined by 16% (P < 0.05). By contrast, synthesis increased for fibrinogen (50%, P < 0.05) and haptoglobin (90%, P < 0.001). This pattern of change, with decreased synthesis of nutrient transport proteins and increased formation of acute-phase proteins, suggestive of a low-grade inflammatory response, was accompanied by increased plasma concentration of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (30%, P < 0.05). The pattern of change in the synthesis of hepatic secretory proteins following 7 days on the low-protein diet may be of functional relevance for lipid transport and the capacity to cope with stress. 相似文献
6.
Afolabi PR Jahoor F Jackson AA Stubbs J Johnstone AM Faber P Lobley G Gibney E Elia M 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2007,293(6):E1580-E1589
It is unclear whether the rate of weight loss, independent of magnitude, affects whole body protein metabolism and the synthesis and plasma concentrations of specific hepatic secretory proteins. We examined 1) whether lean men losing weight rapidly (starvation) show greater changes in whole body protein kinetics, synthesis, and circulating concentrations of selected hepatic secretory proteins than those losing the same amount of weight more slowly [very low energy diet (VLED)]; and 2) whether plasma concentrations and synthetic rates of these proteins are related. Whole body protein kinetics were measured using [1-(13)C]leucine in 11 lean men (6 starvation, 5 VLED). Fractional and absolute synthetic rates of HDL-apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), retinol binding protein, transthyretin, alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT), and transferrin were measured using a prime-constant intravenous infusion of [(13)C(2)]glycine. Compared with VLED group, the starvation group showed greater increases (at a 5% weight loss) in whole body protein oxidation (P < 0.05); fractional synthetic rates of HDL-apoA1 (25.3 vs. -1.52%; P = 0.003) and retinol binding protein (30.6 vs. 7.1%; P = 0.007); absolute synthetic rates of HDL-apoA1 (7.1 vs. -3.8 mg.kg(-1).day(-1); P = 0.003) and alpha(1)-AT (17.8 vs. 3.6 mg.kg(-1).day(-1); P = 0.02); and plasma concentration of alpha(1)-AT (P = 0.025). Relationships between synthetic rates and plasma concentrations varied between the secreted proteins. It is concluded that synthetic rates of hepatic secreted proteins in lean men are more closely related to the rate than the magnitude of weight loss. Changes in concentration of these secreted proteins can occur independently of changes in synthetic rates, and vice versa. 相似文献
7.
Ju-Yun Tsai Petra C. Kienesberger Thomas Pulinilkunnil Mary H. Sailors David J. Durgan Carolina Villegas-Montoya Anil Jahoor Raquel Gonzalez Merissa E. Garvey Brandon Boland Zachary Blasier Tracy A. McElfresh Vijayalakshmi Nannegari Chi-Wing Chow William C. Heird Margaret P. Chandler Jason R. B. Dyck Molly S. Bray Martin E. Young 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(5):2918-2929
8.
Nanna Hellum Nielsen Gunter Backes Jens Stougaard Stig Uggerh?j Andersen Ahmed Jahoor 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Progress in plant breeding is facilitated by accurate information about genetic structure and diversity. Here, Diversity Array Technology (DArT) was used to characterize a population of 94 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties of mainly European origin. In total, 1,849 of 7,000 tested markers were polymorphic and could be used for population structure analysis. Two major subgroups of wheat varieties, GrI and GrII, were identified using the program STRUCTURE, and confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). These subgroups were largely separated according to origin; GrI comprised varieties from Southern and Eastern Europe, whereas GrII contained mostly modern varieties from Western and Northern Europe. A large proportion of the markers contributing most to the genetic separation of the subgroups were located on chromosome 2D near the Reduced height 8 (Rht8) locus, and PCR-based genotyping suggested that breeding for the Rht8 allele had a major impact on subgroup separation. Consistently, analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) suggested that different selective pressures had acted on chromosome 2D in the two subgroups. Our data provides an overview of the allele composition of bread wheat varieties anchored to DArT markers, which will facilitate targeted combination of alleles following DArT-based QTL studies. In addition, the genetic diversity and distance data combined with specific Rht8 genotypes can now be used by breeders to guide selection of crossing parents. 相似文献
9.
A. Graner H. Siedler A. Jahoor R. G. Herrmann G. Wenzel 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1990,80(6):826-832
Summary In order to determine the extent of polymorphism in barley (Hordeum vulgare), DNA from 48 varieties was analyzed with 23 genomic, single-copy probes, distributed across all seven chromosomes. Upon hybridization to wheat-barley addition lines, the probes showed different degrees of homology compared to the wheat genome. Polymorphisms were detected in the barley genome at a frequency of 43% after digestion with EcoRI, BamHI, and HindIII. Subgroups of spring and winter barley and of two- and six-rowed types showed less diversity which, in most cases, was due to shifts in allelic frequencies. One probe (MWG1H504) hybridized to an EcoRI restriction fragment exclusively observed in winter barley. A comparison of six different restriction enzymes revealed clear differences with regard to their efficiency in detecting polymorphisms. The respective frequencies were between 13% (HindIII) and 37% (EcoRV). A significant correlation between the efficiency of a restriction enzyme and the mean fragment size detected by the different probes identified insertion/deletion events as the major factor causing polymorphism in barley. 相似文献
10.
Molecular identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
L. Hartl H. Weiss U. Stephan F. J. Zeller A. Jahoor 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,90(5):601-606
RFLP markers for the wheat powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1 and Pm2 were tagged by means of near-isogenic lines. The probe Whs178 is located 3 cM from the Pm1 gene. For the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2, two markers were identified. The linkage between the Pm2 resistance locus and one of these two probes was estimated to be 3 cM with a F2 population. Both markers can be used to detect the presence of the corresponding resistance gene in commercial cultivars. Bulked segregant analysis was applied to identify linkage disequillibrium between the resistance gene Pm18 and the abovementioned marker, which was linked to this locus at a distance of 4 cM. Furthermore, the RAPD marker OPH-111900 (5-CTTCCGCAGT-3) was selected with pools created from a population segregating for the resistance of Trigo BR 34. The RAPD marker was mapped about 13 cM from this resistance locus. 相似文献