Halobates collected during the circumnavigational expedition 'Operation Drake'

Samples of marine pleuston were collected from the sea-surface along considerable sections of the track of Eye of the Wind during its 2-year circumnavigational expedition 'Operation Drake' from November 1978 to October 1980. One hundred and eleven of the tow samples contained insects of the genus Halobates . They were assigned to four oceanic species: H. micans, H. sericeus, H. germanus and H. splendens; two coastal species: H. maculatus, H. princeps, and one undescribed species. Various development stages of the oceanic species were found. The locations, time of collection and surface temperatures where sea-skaters were collected are tabulated. Distributional boundaries and population densities of the oceanic species collected are discussed.     

INFLUENCE OF SELECTED MARKETING FACTORS ON CONSUMER RESPONSE TO RESTRUCTURED BEEF STEAKS: A CONJOINT ANALYSIS1

Restructured beef steaks, formulated with different beef particle sizes, fat content and binder levels, were evaluated with selected marketing factors by 30 consumers. Conjoint analysis was applied to consumers’hedonic scores and statement of purchase intent for raw and cooked steaks. Product preference, packaging and brand had significant (P < 0.05) impacts on hedonic scores for raw products. Price was an additional important factor in purchase intent. Parcooked products, only product preference was important for both hedonic rating and purchase intent. When products were not present, conjoint measurement indicated that nutritional information, price and brand influenced (P < 0.05) hedonic responses.     

木耳属种间杂交技术研究 Ⅰ.木耳菌丝原生质体的形成与再生

本文比较了不同酶液、渗透压稳定剂、酶解温室及菌丝培养基成份等因素对木耳属(Auricularia)中木耳(Auricularia auricula)和毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)菌丝释放原生质体的作用及影响。用0.5%纤维素酶加0.5%蜗牛酶的混合酶液,以0.6M的MgSO_4为稳定剂,在34℃下可自两种菌丝体获得大量原生质体。对原生质体再生条件的研究表明,纤维二糖和菌丝体培养物浸提物对再生有明显促进作用,再生率达20%左右。本文还用VBL型荧光增白剂观察了菌丝脱壁以及原生质体细胞壁再生的过程。     

NO—样松驰因子在大鼠止血带休克中的作用

为探讨NO-样松驰因子(NO-LRF)在休克中的效应及其病理生理意义,本工作在大鼠止血带休克(ToS)模型上发现离体灌流的主动脉环对去甲肾上腺素的反应性降低,组织cGMP含量增加。用NO前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)或NO合成阻断剂L-NNA,可溶性乌苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝灌流,分别增强或减轻ToS动物主动脉的上述变化,而且这些药物的作用不受血管内皮是否存在的影响。实验结果提示非内皮细胞源的NO-LRF是引起ToS动物血管低反应性的因素之一。体内实验表明 L-Arg治疗缓解,而L-NNA恶化ToS病程,提示NO-LRF可能参与机体的适应保护机制。     

取食雄蜂蛹粉对龟纹瓢虫和异色瓢虫卵黄发生的影响

本文比较了龟纹瓢虫Proylea japonica和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis取食蚜虫和取食雄蜂蛹粉时的卵黄发生情况.当取食雄蜂蛹粉时,体内卵黄蛋白出现迟,积累速度慢,产卵前期长.但用保幼激素类似物ZR512点滴处理后则能达到与食蚜对照相当的水平.ZR512对取食雄蜂蛹粉瓢虫的作用显著大于取食岈虫者.进一步的研究表明,ZR512能促进这两种瓢虫取食雄蜂蛹粉,但对成虫的体重没有明显的影响.因此推论,雄蜂蛹粉基本能够满足这两种瓢虫生殖的营养需要,但对其内分泌有一定的影响,使瓢虫处于类似生殖滞育的状态.本文根据不同食物条件对卵黄蛋白发生的影响不同,建议用卵黄蛋白的量作为生理指标,以快速初步筛选和评估人工饲料.     

康定虫草主要寄主斜脉蝠蛾的研究

冬虫夏草是一味名贵的中药材.四川康定虫草的主要寄主斜脉蝠蛾翅面色斑多变异,可区分成“黑白斑”和“黄毛斑”两大色斑型.经交配试验和成虫形态特征(触角、口器、翅脉、前足、雌雄外生殖器和鳞片的超微结构等)的观察,证明为同一种,经鉴定是斜脉蝠蛾(Hepialus oblifurcus Chu et Wang)^**.     

粘虫幼虫血淋巴中的凝集素

粘虫Mythlmna separata Walker幼虫血淋巴中含有凝集某些脊椎动物红细胞的凝集素,凝集活性可被乳糖、岩藻糖或神经氨酸抑制.用CNBr-sepharose 4B 进行亲和层析从血淋巴中分离的凝集素成分比较复杂,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示三条区带,SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳出现6个亚基,亚基分子量分别为71000、65000、56000、35000、33000及31000道尔顿.     

The long-distance migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) in China: radar observations of mass return flight in the autumn

Abstract.

• 1 A case study is presented of the autumn migration of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), in the area of Nanjing in the People's Republic of China. The study was made using a high frequency (8 mm wavelength) radar and a net suspended from a kytoon.
• 2 The observations confirmed that long-distance return migrations occur in China in mid and late September, with N.lugens being carried on the prevailing north-easterly wind towards the autumn infestation and overwintering areas of the species.
• 3 After mass take-off in the late afternoon or at dusk, the migrants flew for several hours during the evening, often in a dense layer which formed at heights between about 400 and 1000m above ground. These layers often had well-defined ceilings corresponding to an air temperature of about 16°C. The migration height was above the top of the surface temperature inversion, i.e. the migrants did not fly at the height of the warmest air.
• 4 The dense layer concentrations overflying the radar were backtracked to source areas up to 240 km away in the north-east of Jiangsu Province. Planthoppers observed emigrating from the Nanjing area would reach areas in south Anhui Province or north Jiangxi Province if they flew for 12 h.
• 5 There was a second period of mass take-off at dawn. Insect layers sometimes formed but did not last longer than 1–2h.
• 6 The present results were strikingly different from those previously observed in the dry season in the Philippines, where migratory flight durations were largely confined to periods of about 30min at dusk and dawn.
• 7 Our observations are discussed in relation to the equator-wards return migrations undertaken in autumn by other insect species, and the importance of these migrations for the maintenance of long-flying genotypes in the overwintering populations is considered.

     

Na~+、K~+离子通道阻滞剂对离体大鼠黄体细胞孕酮生成的影响

本工作用二种离子通道阻断剂四乙胺(TEA)和河豚毒素(TTX)来研究 Na~+、K~+通道的改变对大鼠黄体细胞孕酮生成的影响。10~(-3)mol/L 的 TEA 或 TTX 均使孕酮分泌量显著增加,而这种促进效应可被酪氨酸(Tyr)完全阻断。Tyr 对 TEA 或 TTX 与 hCG 联合所引起的孕酮分泌也有抑制作用。上述实验说明跨黄体细胞内外的 K~+和 Na~+浓度差与孕酮分泌有关。