The Problem of Neuroimmunotherapy of Nervous Diseases

We analyzed the mechanisms of interaction between nervous and immune systems characterized by common principles of organization, common messenger molecules, and regulatory functions significant for the whole organism. Common components of neuroimmunity and nonimmune pathological processes underlie the possibility of their mutual potentiation [1]. Neuroimmune diseases are associated with the formation of cortical, subcortical, and brainstem neuronal ensembles involved in the regulation of immune and endocrine systems [2]. The comparison of these ensembles with neuroimmunological parameters allows us to examine the real mechanisms of pathological processes and to evaluate the efficacy of various kinds of therapy including neuroimmunocorrection by neurotropic drugs.     

Larvae of related Diptera species from thermally contrasting habitats exhibit continuous up-regulation of heat shock proteins and high thermotolerance

A population of Stratiomys japonica, a species belonging to the family Stratiomyidae (Diptera), common name ‘soldier flies’, occurs in a hot volcanic spring, which is apparently among the most inhospitable environments for animals because of chemical and thermal conditions. Larvae of this species, which naturally often experience temperatures more than 40 °C, have constitutively high concentrations of the normally inducible heat-shock protein Hsp70, but very low level of corresponding mRNA. Larvae of three other species of the same family, Stratiomys singularior, Nemotelus bipunctatus and Oxycera pardalina, are confined to different type semi-aquatic habitats with contrasting thermal regime. However, all of them shared the same pattern of Hsp70 expression. Interestingly, heat-shock treatment of S. japonica larvae activates heat-shock factor and significantly induces Hsp70 synthesis, whereas larvae of O. pardalina, a species from constant cold environment, produce significantly less Hsp70 in response to heat shock. Adults of the four species also exhibit lower, but detectable levels of Hsp70 without heat shock. Larvae of all species studied have very high tolerance to temperature stress in comparison with other Diptera species investigated, probably representing an inherent adaptive feature of all Stratiomyidae enabling successful colonization of highly variable and extreme habitats.