Pancreatic enzyme activity in early phases of acute experimental pancreatitis in rats

Experiments were performed on laboratory rats with acute pancreatitis caused by local freezing the pancreas with chlorethyl. An active action of enzymes alpha-amilase, lipase, phospholipase A2, was revealed. During the first hours, an increase in action of all three enzymes, particularly that of phospholipase A2, was found. It was established that the lipid spectrum of pancreas had changed. It shows that cell membranes were destroyed. Experiments revealed an activating role of Ca2+ ions for all the enzymes and a correcting action of chlorpromasine.     

Glabrizoflavone--a novel isoflavone from Glycyrrhiza glabra L.]

7-O-Methylglabranin, 6-C-prenylpinocembrin, glabranin, pinocembrin, galangin, and a novel isoflavonoid, (E)-5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxymethyl-2-butenyl)isoflavone (glabrisoflavone) were isolated from the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. The structure of the novel isoflavonoid was elucidated on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral data.     

Allergenic and immunogenic properties of industrial dust of the cotton factory

The results of the determination of the allergenic and immunogenic properties of industrial dust of the cotton factory complex are presented. The antigen of industrial dust consists of, at least, 5 antigenic components. The presence of common antigenic determinants in the antigen of industrial dust and in cotton pollen antigen has been established. The administration of relatively large doses of the allergen according to a shortened schedule has been experimentally shown to enhance the curative effectiveness of specific therapy.     

A novel isoflavone glycoside from Caragana alaica]

3-O-Rhamnopyranosylisorhamnetin, 3-O-glucopyranosylisorhamnetin, 7-O-galactopyranosylluteolin, quercitrin isoquercitrin, wistin, and a novel isoflavonoid, 3'-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxy-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylisoflavone, were isolated from the aerial parts of Caragana alaica. Of these, the previously described compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectral characteristics, whereas the spectral analysis and conversion to a known compound, cladrastin, allowed the structural elucidation of the novel isoflavone glycoside.     

Regional features of sensitization of children to some noninfectious allergens

The results of epidemiological investigations within the frames of the ISAAC program are presented. Out of 2,870 children, 172 children (6.0%) with sensitization to some noninfectious (insect, pollen, medicinal) allergens were detected. The number of allergic children was found to be 10.4 +/- 1.8 to 28.2 +/- 3.0 per 1000 of urban child population. Specific features of the sensitization of urban children to regional insect, pollen and medicinal allergens were established. The clinical course of allergic diseases in children was characterized by polymorphism and a great variety of clinical symptoms with frequent lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and functional disturbances of the central nervous system, which adversely affected the school studies of children and the quality of their life. In the development of allergy in children such factors of risk as hereditary predisposition to allergy, allergic diathesis, focal infections and artificial feeding during the first year of life were also of great importance.     

Epidemiological characterisation of acute and chronic hepatitis B in Uzbekistan

The epidemiological survey of 126 foci with patients having acute hepatitis B (AHB) and 120 foci with patients having chronic hepatitis B (CHB) was conducted. The observation of the susceptible members of the family showed that a significantly higher level of infection was found in persons having contacts with CHB patients (44.4 +/- 2.3%) in comparison with the members of the families of AHB patients (33.2 +/- 2.3%). The study revealed that children under 14 years were actively involved into the epidemic process; in these children the highest levels of infection were observed in the families of AHB patients (40.2 +/- 3.7%) and CHB patients (57.1 +/- 3.5%). High detection rate of HbsAg were noted in brothers and sisters in the foci of AHB (42.3 +/- 6.4%) and the foci of CHB (52.3 +/- 5.4%), also in parents: 32.4 +/- 5.2% and 46.5 +/- 4.2%, in children: 28.8 +/- 3.4% and 35.6 +/- 3.6% respectively.     

Structural characteristics of the mucosa of the small intestine in gnotobiote rats]

Histological and electron microscopic investigations of mucosal strucutre of the small intestine in gnotobiotic and conventional rats have demonstrated that mucosal index (lenear dimentions of villi/crypt dimentions ratio) is equal to 3--4 and 1.4--2.5, respectively. In gnotobiotic rats the number of mitotic figures in crypts is less, migratory-desquamative parameters of enterocytes are 5--6 days, cranio-caudal gradient of linear dimentions of villi, crypts and the number of goblet-shaped cells is not expressed. The goblet-shaped cells and cells with acidophilic granules have secretion of moderate intensity. The number of cells infiltrating epithelium of villi and crypts is greater when microbes are present in the gut lumen. A considerable difference in the structure of the connective tissue basis of the gnotobiotic and conventional rats mucosa are also connected with presence or absence of microflora in the gut lumen.     

Prophylactic efficacy of reaferon in viral hepatitis A and acute respiratory infections in children

Reaferon, the analog of human alpha 2-interferon obtained by gene engineering techniques, was studied with a view to its use for the prevention of hepatitis A. The study involved children of preschool age in Tashkent. In a strictly controlled trial children aged 2-6 years received the preparation orally in a dose of 1 X 10(6) I. U. or the diluent alone used as placebo. The preparation was administered to 1,100 children and the placebo to 1,078 children. The preparation and placebo were administered twice a week for two months. On the whole, during that period hepatitis A morbidity in both test and control groups of children was the same (5.1% and 4.9% respectively), but among children of nursery age receiving Reaferon the incidence of hepatitis A and acute respiratory viral infections was lower than among those receiving the placebo, though this difference was statistically significant only for cases of acute respiratory infections.