Effect of nutritional insufficiency on cell proliferation in the matrix zones of the cerebellar anlage in mice

The work has been performed on 62 CBA mice. In the ventricular zone and in the external granular layer of the cerebellar anlage of embryos (13-17 days of the intrauterine development) mitotic index, labelled nuclei index, part of labelled mitoses have been counted. Parameters of the mitotic cycle of the matrix cells have been calculated by means of the graphic method. The proliferative pool value has been calculated. At malnutrition the cerebellar anlage structure retards in its maturation from the norm. For the matrix zones of the cerebellar anlage, higher indices of the proliferative activity are specific. At the same time, duration of the mitotic cycle of the matrix cells increases by 15-17%. It is possible, that retardation of histogenesis of the mouse cerebellar anlage, when developing under conditions of alimentary insufficiency depends on decreased rate of cell proliferation, as a result of prolonged mitotic cycle of the matrix cells.     

A method for obtaining histological sections from tissue previously studied by scanning electron microscopy

An accelerated method of paraffin embedding of tissue specimens previously examined with scanning electron microscopy is proposed aimed to obtain sections for routine histological examination. The tissue is passed through acetone, absolute alcohol, alcoholic-oil celloidin solution, chloroform to be eventually mounted into paraffin. The method allows obtaining good quality sections within 24 hours.     

Prevention of early inflammatory complications after transthoracic interventions and estimation of the degree of immunologic deficiency]

An analysis of the results of the examination and treatment of 379 patients undergoing transthoracic interventions showed that the use of the target-aimed selective immunomodulation, short-term antibacterial prophylaxis, inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolites, active elimination of the circulating immune complexes and medium-weight molecular peptides and adequate local analgesia after the interventions providing normalization of the laryngeal reflex and early activation of the patients permitted the incidence of the pulmonary complications to be decreased by 2.5 times, pleural complications by 1.7 times, suppuration of the postoperative wound by 1.8 times and the total expenses by 25.6 per cent.     

Comparison of the aspartase activity and its stability in Escherichia coli cells immobilized on polyacrylamide gel and carrageenan

The conditions for immobilization of Escherichia coli cells (Soviet strain 85) on the natural polysaccharide carrier carrageenan (Soviet-made) were investigated and kinetic regularities of the aspartase reaction catalysed by immobilized in carrageenan cells of E. coli 85 were established. The conditions for retaining a high aspartase activity and stability of biocatalysts based on the E. coli 85 cells immobilized in PAAG and carrageenan were determined using full-loaded tanks for continuous synthesis of L-aspartic acid. The time-stable aspartase activity of the biocatalyst can be increased by treating the beads of the catalyst with bifunctional reagents (hexamethylenediamine, glutaraldehyde), the most active catalyst for the biotechnological synthesis of L-aspartic acid being obtained when carrageenan is used.     

Genetic determination of rheumatoid arthritis. Distribution of certain Mendelian markers in the light of correspondence of the disease heritability to the model of single autosomal two-allele locus with incomplete penetrance

The study on the nature of distribution of certain mendelian markers aimed at specifying their role in determination of rheumatoid arthritis disease was carried out, based on the material from the Family Data Bank of the Department of Epidemiology and Genetics of the rheumatic diseases in this institute comprising data on 200 families of patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Antigens of HLA-system (the loci A, B, DR), ABO blood groups, Rh, MN and P, phenotypes of acid erythrocyte phosphatase and the types of haptoglobin were studied. Based on the data from this and the previous studies, it is established that the steadiest deviations of the RA patients groups from the general population concerned the frequency of HLA A11, B12, B27 and DR4, blood group P and phenotypes of the acid erythrocyte phosphatase. When using additional controls--a group of healthy mothers of women-probands from the families with the type of marriage "healthy x healthy", and analysing some pair combinations of the HLA system antigens, it was demonstrated that the most clearly their role in formation of the disease display the antigens DR4, and in their absence--DR3, and B12, whereas accumulation of A11 and B27 depended on the presence of other antigens of HLA loci--A and B. Taken together, these data may imply that genetic markers under study serve, when in certain combinations, as "modifiers" of the major gene, or, in a general case, of major genes of multifactorial disease affecting its appearance and clinical manifestations.     

Photooptic response of blood plasma to low intensity red light

Photooptical response, both of the whole blood and of its non-pigmented fraction-plasma to the low-intensity red light is investigated. For the case of the blood irradiation in vitro it is shown that the mechanism of the low-intensity red light effect on the blood is not directly associated with the pigmented molecular complexes concentrated in erythrocytes. Thus the effect of the low-intensity red light on living organisms includes the mechanisms not using light absorption by the specialized macromolecule--photoreceptor as a primary photophysical action.     

Stability of the biocatalysts of L-aspartic acid synthesis based on immobilized Escherichia coli cells

Experiments were carried out to investigate the process of a continuous enzymatic synthesis of L-aspartic acid from ammonium fumarate in uniform filling flow reactors. Escherichia coli (Soviet strain 85) cells immobilized in polyacrylamide gel granules reinforced by a solid carrier were used as biocatalysts. The conditions, under which a high aspartase activity of the biocatalyst and a stable hydrodynamic performance of the reactor were maintained, were determined. The main kinetic characteristics of a continuous performance of the reactor for 150 days were obtained.     

Carbohydrate Mimicry of the Parasite in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Himasthla elongata</Emphasis> (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)—<Emphasis Type="Italic">Littorina littorea</Emphasis> (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) System

Using labeled lectins, a comparative study of the surface of tegument of Himasthla elongata at different stages of development cycle (daughter rediae, cercariae, and metacercariae) and glycocalyx of plasma membranes of hemocytes of molluscs Littorina littorea and Mytilus edulis that are the first and second intermediate hosts of this trematode species, respectively, has been carried out. It is found that in the course of the development cycle of the parasite there occurs a change of the set of terminal sacharides of the glycocalyx of the H. elongata tegument surface as well as differences are revealed in the pattern of binding of three out of five tested lectins with hemocytes of blue mussel and periwinkle. At the same time, the presence of similar carbohydrate determinants on the surface of hemocytes of L. littorea and daughter rediae of H. elongata is shown. The established similarity in composition of glycocalyx of hemocytes of the mollusc and the trematode parthenitae is, most likely, a result of coevolution of the parasite and the host and is of the adaptive nature. Use of the mechanism of the carbohydrate mimicry by parthenitae of this species allows them to avoid attacking by effector cells of the internal defense system of the mollusc-host.__________Translated from Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2005, pp. 114–118.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Iakovleva, Gorbushin.