Jeotgalibacillus aurantiacus sp. nov., a novel orange-pigmented species with a carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster,isolated from wetland soil

A Gram-stain-positive, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped and flagellated bacterial strain T12^T was isolated from wetland soil in Kunyu Mountain Wetland in Yantai, China. The strain was able to grow at 15–40 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 0.0–9.0% NaCl (optimum 2%, w/v) and at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum 8.5). A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain T12^T is a member of the family Planococcaceae, sharing 97.6% and 97.1% sequence similarity with the type strains of Jeotgalibacillus salarius and Jeotgalibacillus marinus, respectively. Genome-based analyses revealed a genome size of 3,506,682 bp and a DNA G?+?C content of 43.7%. Besides, the genome sequence led to 55.0–74.6% average amino acid identity values and 67.8–74.7% average nucleotide identity values between strain T12^T and the current closest relatives. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization of strain T12^T with the type strains of Jeotgalibacillus proteolyticus and J. marinus demonstrated 19.0% and 20.3% relatedness, respectively. The chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the sole quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:1ω7c alcohol and iso-C_14:0. The polar lipids consisted of an unidentified aminolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. Based on the polyphasic characterization, strain T12^T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus aurantiacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T12^T (=?KCTC 43296 ^T?=?MCCC 1K07171^T).

     

Kangiella shandongensis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from saltern in Yantai,China

A Gram-stain-negative, wheat, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore forming, and facultatively anaerobic bacterium strain, designated as PI^T, was isolated from saline silt samples collected in saltern in Yantai, Shandong, China. Growth was observed within the ranges 4–45 °C (optimally at 33 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and 1.0–11.0% NaCl (optimally at 3.0%, w/v). Strain PI^T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Kangiella sediminilitoris BB-Mw22^T (98.3%) and Kangiella taiwanensis KT1^T (98.3%). The major cellular fatty acids (>?10% of the total fatty acids) were iso-C_15:0 (52.7%) and summed featured 9 (iso-C_17:1ω9c/C_16:0 10-methyl, 11.8%). The major polar lipids identified were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The G?+?C content of the genomic DNA was 45.8%. Average Nucleotide Identity values between whole genome sequences of strain PI^T and next related type strains supported the novel species status. Based on physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic characteristics and genomic analysis, strain PI^T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Kangiella, for which the name Kangiella shandongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PI^T (=?KCTC 82509 ^T?=?MCCC 1K04352^T).

     

Cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin E synthases in preimplantation mouse embryos

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is shown to be essential for female reproduction. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid and exists in two isoforms: COX-1 and COX-2. Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) is a terminal prostanoid synthase and can catalyse the isomerization of the COX product PGH2 to PGE2, including microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1), cytosolic PGES (cPGES) and mPGES-2. This study examined the protein expression of COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1, cPGES and mPGES-2 in preimplantation mouse embryos by immunohistochemistry. Embryos at different stages collected from oviducts or uteri were transferred into a flushed oviduct of non-pregnant mice. The oviducts containing embryos were paraffin-embedded and processed for immunostaining. COX-1 immunostaining was at a basal level in zygotes and a low level at the 2-cell stage, reaching a high level from the 4-cell to blastocyst stage. COX-2 immunostaining was at a low level at the zygote stage and was maintained at a high level from the 2-cell to blastocyst stages. A low level of mPGES-1 immunostaining was observed from the zygote to 8-cell stages. The signal for mPGES-1 immunostaining became stronger at the morula stage and was strongly seen at the blastocyst stage. cPGES immunostaining was strongly observed in zygotes, 2-cell and 8-cell embryos. There was a slight decrease in cPGES immunostaining at the 4-cell, morula and blastocyst stages. mPGES-2 immunostaining was at a low level from the zygote to morula stages and at a high level at the blastocyst stage. We found that the COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1, cPGES and mPGES-2 protein signals were all at a high level at the blastocyst stage. PGE2 produced during the preimplantation development may play roles during embryo transport and implantation.     

独尾草的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称独尾草(EremuruschinensisFedtsch.)。2材料类别根。3培养条件愈伤组织诱导培养基:(1)MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1(单位下同)+2,4-D0.5;(2)MS+6-BA3.0+NAA1.0。增殖及苗诱导培养基:(3)MS+6-BA2.0￣3.0+NAA0.5;(4)MS+6-BA1.0+KT0.2+NAA0.02;(5)MS+6-BA3.0+NAA0.05。生根培养基:(6)MS+IBA0.1;(7)MS+NAA0.1。所用培养基均加0.8%￣0.9%琼脂、3%白砂糖,pH5.6￣5.8。培养温度为(22±2)℃,相对湿度65%￣75%,光照时间12￣14h·d-1,光强30￣40μmol·m-2·s-1。4生长与分化情况4.1愈伤组织的获得选取秦岭(陕西省略阳县)野生独尾…     

A novel method employing polymerase chain reaction to disrupt genes lacking convenient restriction enzyme sites in yeast

A novel method employing polymerase chain reaction was developed for the disruption of yeast genes lacking convenient restriction enzyme sites. The method was found to be easy and effective. Using this method, a yeastYKE2 gene (a yeast homolog of murinek-region expressed genes) was successfully disrupted by replacement ofHIS3 marker gene.     

Short-term,medium-term,and long-term risks of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding after dengue virus infection

Dengue patients have an increased risk of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. However, whether dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause an increased long-term risk of GI bleeding remains unknown, especially among elderly individuals who commonly take antithrombotic drugs. A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Databases. Laboratory-confirmed dengue patients from 2002 to 2012 and four matched nondengue controls were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the acute (<30 days), medium-term (31–365 days), and long-term (>365 days) risks of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding after DENV infection. Stratified analyses by age group (≤50, 51–64, ≥65 years old) were also performed. In total, 13267 confirmed dengue patients and 53068 nondengue matched controls were included. After adjusting for sex, age, area of residence, comorbidities, and medications, dengue patients had a significantly increased risk of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding within 30 days of disease onset (adjusted HR 55.40; 95% CI: 32.17–95.42). However, DENV infection was not associated with increased medium-term and long-term risks of upper GI bleeding overall or in each age group. Even dengue patients who developed acute GI bleeding did not have increased medium-term (adjusted HR; 0.55, 95% CI 0.05–6.18) and long-term risks of upper GI bleeding (adjusted HR; 1.78, 95% CI 0.89–3.55). DENV infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding within 30 days but not thereafter. Recovered dengue patients with acute GI bleeding can resume antithrombotic treatments to minimize the risk of thrombosis.     

节担菌属在中国的发现

Wallemia sebi (Fr.) Arx was first reported as Sporendonema sebi Fr. in 1832. It is a cosmopolitan xerophilic and osmophilic fungus that usually occurs on sweet food (jams, fruits, sugar, cakes), salted food (salted meats, fish, peanuts), dried materials (dried hay, bread, dried fruits causing spoilage) (Samson et al. 2002, Dally 1980), and plant seeds (sunflower, rye, wheat), as well as in indoor environments (Takahashi 1997), and occurs on several continents. Terracina (1974) found that the…