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Food Biophysics - Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has high cytotoxicity against various cancer cells but has low water solubility and poor bioavailability. The objective of this work was to... 相似文献
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Physiological characterization of ‘stay green’ wheat cultivars during the grain filling stage under field growing conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Junbo Chen Yun Liang Xueyun Hu Xianxiang Wang Feiquan Tan Huaiqiong Zhang Zhenglong Ren Peigao Luo 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(5):875-882
Rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome arm 1RS could delay leaf senescence, and change in H2O2 content is a useful index for weighing the ability to delay the senescence. Two wheat cultivars, Chuannong12 (CN12) and Chuannong
18 (CN18), harboring the wheat–rye 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome were investigated for H2O2 change and physiological index after flowering under field conditions, and MY11, the agronomical parent of both CN12 and
CN18, was used as the control. A combined change in the peak value of CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) fluorescence and morphological
observation indicated that the H2O2 contents in CN12 and CN18 were generally lower than that in MY11. They both had higher values for net photosynthetic rate
(P
n), stomatal conductance (G
s),
F\textv /F\textm¢ F_{\text{v}} /F_{\text{m}}^{\prime }
F\textv¢ /F\textm¢ F_{\text{v}}^{\prime } /F_{\text{m}}^{\prime } , and photochemical quenching of PSII (qP) than MY11 only in the late measurement stage. Some small differences were also
observed, such as CN12 and CN18 wheat cultivars having higher and longer photosynthetic competence than MY11 during the grain
filling stage, which perhaps resulted from a mechanism for removing oxidative species, especially H2O2. 相似文献
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Shuangrong Li Yong Zhang Kejun Deng Jinhua Peng Xuelian Zeng Huaiqiong Zhang Zhenglong Ren 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2013,32(1):165-176
Interspecific hybridization is associated with the origin of novel traits and confers increased vigor compared with the parent lines, although its molecular basis is poorly understood. We report here the identification of genetic and epigenetic changes in a set of wheat–rye translocation lines (R59, R57, and R25) which exhibited novel heritable morphological characteristics compared with the parent lines (MY11 and L155). Genome in situ hybridization and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed no obvious variations in the primary structure of the genome in different translocation lines, with the exception of the same 1RS chromosome translocation. Global assessment of the extent and pattern of cytosine methylation alterations by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) analyses revealed differences in the extent of genomic DNA methylation between the rye and wheat parent lines. Fully-methylated sites were significantly increased and hemi-methylated sites were markedly decreased in the genome of translocation lines compared with the wheat parental cultivar MY11. Comparisons of different MSAP patterns revealed both monomorphic and polymorphic sites between translocation lines and wheat parents. Sequencing of 44 isolated fragments that showed methylation alterations indicated that cellular genes and especially transposable elements were targets for methylation alterations in translocation lines. The present study provides further understanding of the rules governing the distribution and existence of DNA methylation variations induced in the wheat genome during alien germplasm introduction. Furthermore, our study provides insights into the relationship between DNA methylation and hybrid vigor as well as a theoretical basis for further fundamental research and breeding application. 相似文献
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Newly synthesized wheat–rye allopolyploids were investigated by genomic in situ hybridization, over the first, second, third
and fourth allopolyploid generations. Inter and intra chromosome connections were observed in 12 root-tip cells of CA4.4.7
(S2 generation), and translocations between wheat and rye chromosomes were also detected in five root-tip cells. In root-tip
cells of CA4.4.7.5 and CA4.4.7.2.2 (S3 and S4 generation), the chromosome connections occurred again, a dissociative small rye segment was detected in seven cells of CA4.4.7.5.
In plants MSV6.1 and MSV6.5 (S1 generation), almost half of the root-tip cells contained 13 rye chromosomes and the rest held 12 rye chromosomes, and all
the cells of the two plants contained 42 wheat chromosomes. Five pairing configurations of rye chromosomes, including 5 II + 3
I, 6 II + 1 I, 6 II, 5 II + 2 I and 4 II + 4 I, were observed in pollen mother cells of the two plants. The two plants’ progeny,
including S2, S3, and S4 generation plants, contained 42 wheat chromosomes and 12 rye chromosomes. Therefore, the inter chromosome translocation and
unequal chromosome division could occur in somatic cells of wide hybrids. The unequal chromosome division in somatic cell
could induce chromosome elimination at the early stages of allopolyploidization. 相似文献
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Huaiqiong Chen P. Michael Davidson Qixin Zhong 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2014,80(3):907-916
Essential oil components (EOCs) have limited water solubility and are used at much higher concentrations in complex food matrices than in growth media to inhibit pathogens. However, the correlation between solubility and activity has not been studied. The objective of this work was to characterize the solubility of EOCs in solvents and milk and correlate solubility with antilisterial activity. The solubilities of four EOCs, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde, in water was significantly increased in the presence of 5% (vol/vol) ethanol. In milk, the solubility of EOCs was lower than in water, with lower solubility in higher-fat milk. EOCs applied to milk as stock solutions (in 95% aqueous ethanol) enabled quicker dissolution and higher solubility in milk serum than other methods of mixing, such as end to end, and greater reductions of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A after 0 and 24 h. When the EOC concentration detected in milk serum was above the minimum bactericidal concentration, complete inhibition of L. monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth resulted. Therefore, the antilisterial properties in milk could be correlated with the solubility by comparison to the minimum inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations of EOCs. While the EOCs applied using ethanol generally had solubility and activity characteristics superior to those of other mixing methods, ethanol is not used to a great extent in nonfermented foods. Therefore, mixing methods without an organic solvent may be more readily adaptable to enhancing the distribution of EOCs in complex food systems. 相似文献
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