Seed transmission of turnip yellow mosaic virus in winter turnip and winter oilseed rapes

This is the first record of seed transmission of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) in oilseed and turnip rapes. The seed transmission of TYMV in a naturally infected winter turnip rape (Brassica napus var. silvestris) cultivar Perko PVH was investigated. By ELISA 1.6%, 3.2% and 8.3% seed transmission of the virus was found in seed of plants from three localities. The proportion of infected seeds produced by artificially infected plants of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and winter turnip rape cultivars was determined. The virus transmission rate, expressed as the proportion of virus-infected plants which germinated from the seed was for the oilseed rape cvs Jet Neuf 0.1%, Solida 0.4%, Silesia 0.8%, Darmor 1.2%, SL-507 0.2%, SL-509 0.0% and for the winter turnip rape cv. Perko 1.5%. ELISA cannot be used in direct tests on bulk seed lots to estimate proportion of infected seed, but must be used on germinated seedlings.     

Aspects of hadrosaurian cranial anatomy

Supraorbital bones in Saurolophus angustirostris are described, and their presence in all hadrosaurs is suggested. Frontal-nasal and premaxillar-nasal fontanellae are distinguished in hadrosaurs; their presence is explained as connected with growth and considered to he responsible for the variability of crest structures. New data indicating the presence of a cartilaginous diverticulum nasi within the circumnarial depression in Saurobphus ongustirostris are presented. A physiological (respiratory and/or thermoregulatory) function of the nasal diverticulum is proposed.     

A test for endogenous interference in superoxide dismutase assays

Endogenous interfering substances can be detected by applying the techniques of parallel-line analysis of variance to the assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in crude tissue extracts. The technique also allows expression of specific activities in terms of units of activity as defined by commercially available standards as opposed to definition by the specific assay conditions utilized. This analysis may be broadly applied to many of the indirect SOD assays currently in use. In the current investigation, SOD was assayed by its ability to inhibit the rate of reduction of acetylated ferricytochrome c by superoxide anion ($\text{O}{}_2{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?</mtext>}}$) generated via the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction. The parallel-line analysis was effective in detecting the presence of interference by exogenous ascorbate in the reaction system, and by unidentified endogenous reactants within extracts of whole blood and ocular choroidal tissues of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.     

European checkerspots (Melitaeini: Lepidoptera,Nymphalidae) are not aposematic – the point of view of great tits (Parus major)

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Multiplex panels of polymorphic microsatellite loci for two cryptic bat species of the genus Pipistrellus,developed by cross‐species amplification within the family Vespertilionidae

The paper presents multiplex panels of polymorphic microsatellites for two closely related cryptic species Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus. We tested the cross‐species amplification of 34 microsatellite loci, originally developed for five vespertilionid bat species. Ten and nine polymorphic loci in P. pipistrellus (mean number of alleles per locus = 10.5) and P. pygmaeus (8.1), respectively, in three multiplex polymerase chain reactions per species were amplified. All loci can be analysed in a single fragment analysis and can be used as markers to the study of evolution and the ecology of structured populations of socially living bats.     

Perinatal physiology in cloned and normal calves: hematologic and biochemical profiles

Although a majority of clones are born normal and apparently healthy, mortality rates of nearly 30% are described in many reports. Such losses are a major limitation of cloning technology and represent substantial economic investment as well as justifiable animal health and welfare concerns. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to understand fully the causes of neonatal mortality in clones and to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies to minimize losses. We report here the findings of studies on the hematologic and biochemical profiles of cloned and control calves in the immediate 48-h postpartum period. Cloned calves were similar to control calves for a majority of parameters studied including blood gases, concentrations of plasma proteins, minerals and electrolytes, and white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts. The most notable differences between clones and controls in this study were reduced red- and white-blood cell counts in clones at birth and 1 h of age. As a group, plasma electrolyte concentrations were more variable in clones, and the variability tended to be shifted either higher (sodium, chloride) or lower (potassium, bicarbonate) than in controls. Previously, we noted differences in carbohydrate parameters, the length of time required for clones to make the neonatal adaptation to life ex utero, and morphology of the cloned placenta. Taken together, our findings suggest that cloned calves experience greater difficulty adjusting to life ex utero and that further research is warranted to determine the nature of the relationship between the physiological differences noted here in clones at birth and concomitant abnormal placental morphology.     

An automated platform for analysis of phosphoproteomic datasets: application to kidney collecting duct phosphoproteins

Large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) often requires a significant amount of manual manipulation of phosphopeptide datasets in the post-acquisition phase. To assist in this process, we have created software, PhosphoPIC (PhosphoPeptide Identification and Compilation), which can perform a variety of useful functions including automated selection and compilation of phosphopeptide identifications from multiple MS levels, estimation of dataset false discovery rate, and application of appropriate cross-correlation (XCorr) filters. In addition, the output files generated by this program are compatible with downstream phosphorylation site assignment using the Ascore algorithm, as well as phosphopeptide quantification via QUOIL. In this report, we utilized this software to analyze phosphoproteins from short-term vasopressin-treated rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). A total of 925 phosphopeptides representing 173 unique proteins were identified from membrane-enriched fractions of IMCD with a false discovery rate of 1.5%. Of these proteins, 106 were found only in the membrane-enriched fraction of IMCD cells and not in whole IMCD cell lysates. These identifications included a number of well-studied ion and solute transporters including ClC-1, LAT4, MCT2, NBC3, and NHE1, all of which contained novel phosphorylation sites. Using a label-free quantification approach, we identified phosphoproteins that changed in abundance with vasopressin exposure including aquaporin-2 (AQP2), Hnrpa3, IP3 receptor 3, and pur-beta.