Gut microbiota associated with longevity plays an important role in the adaptation to damaging stimuli accumulated during the aging process. The mechanism by which the longevity-associated microbiota protects the senescent host remains unclear, while the metabolites of the gut bacteria are of particular interest. Here, an integrated analysis of untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the metabolite and microbiota profiles of long-lived individuals (aged ≥90 years) in comparison to old-elderly (aged 75–89 years), young-elderly (aged 60–74 years), and young to middle-aged (aged ≤59 years) individuals. This novel study constructed both metabolite and microbiota trajectories across aging in populations from Jiaoling county (the seventh longevity town of the world) in China. We found that the long-lived group exhibited remarkably differential metabolomic signatures, highlighting the existence of metabolic heterogeneity with aging. Importantly, we also discovered that long-lived individuals from the familial longevity cohort harbored a microbiome distinguished from that of the general population. Specifically, we identified that the levels of a candidate metabolite, pinane thromboxane A2 (PTA2), which is positively associated with aging, were consistently higher in individuals with familial longevity and their younger descendants than in those of the general population. Furtherly, functional analysis revealed that PTA2 potentiated the efficiency of microglial phagocytosis of β-amyloid 40 and enhanced an anti-inflammatory phenotype, indicating a protective role of PTA2 toward host health. Collectively, our results improve the understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in longevity and may facilitate the development of strategies for healthy aging. 相似文献
Understanding the spatial distribution of plant diversity and its drivers are major challenges in biogeography and conservation biology. Integrating multiple facets of biodiversity (e.g., taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional biodiversity) may advance our understanding on how community assembly processes drive the distribution of biodiversity. In this study, plant communities in 60 sampling plots in desert ecosystems were investigated. The effects of local environment and spatial factors on the species, functional, and phylogenetic α‐ and β‐diversity (including turnover and nestedness components) of desert plant communities were investigated. The results showed that functional and phylogenetic α‐diversity were negatively correlated with species richness, and were significantly positively correlated with each other. Environmental filtering mainly influenced species richness and Rao quadratic entropy; phylogenetic α‐diversity was mainly influenced by dispersal limitation. Species and phylogenetic β‐diversity were mainly consisted of turnover component. The functional β‐diversity and its turnover component were mainly influenced by environmental factors, while dispersal limitation dominantly effected species and phylogenetic β‐diversity and their turnover component of species and phylogenetic β‐diversity. Soil organic carbon and soil pH significantly influenced different dimensions of α‐diversity, and soil moisture, salinity, organic carbon, and total nitrogen significantly influenced different dimensions of α‐ and β‐diversity and their components. Overall, it appeared that the relative influence of environmental and spatial factors on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity differed at the α and β scales. Quantifying α‐ and β‐diversity at different biodiversity dimensions can help researchers to more accurately assess patterns of diversity and community assembly. 相似文献
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Menaquinone-7 is involved in bone metabolism and can be used to prevent and treat osteoporosis. However, as a fat-soluble vitamin, menaquinone-7 has poor water... 相似文献
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important predictive factor for cardiac disorders including acute myocardial infarction. Therapeutic
inhibition of CRP has been shown to be a promising new approach to cardioprotection in acute myocardial infarction in rat
models, but the direct effects of CRP on cardiac myocytes are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of
CRP on cardiac myocytes and its molecular mechanism involved. Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were exposed to hypoxia for 8 h.
Hypoxia induced myocyte apoptosis under serum-deprived conditions, which was accompanied by cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol, as well as activation of Caspase-9, Caspase-3. Hypoxia also increased Bax and decreased
Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, thereby significantly increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Cotreatment of CRP (100 μg/ml) under
hypoxia significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic myocytes, translocation of cytochrome c, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3. However, no effects were observed on myocyte apoptosis when
cotreatment of CRP under normoxia. Furthermore, Bcl-2 overexpression significantly improved cellular viability through inhibition
of hypoxia or cotreatment with CRP induced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio changes and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol, and significantly blocked the activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3. The present study
demonstrates that CRP could enhance apoptosis in hypoxia-stimulated myocytes through the mitochondrion-dependent pathway but
CRP alone has no effects on neonatal rat cardiac myocytes under normoxia. Bcl-2 overexpression might prevent CRP-induced apoptosis
by inhibiting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and block activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3.
Jin Yang and Junhong Wang contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
Increasing evidence shows that static magnetic fields (SMFs) can affect microbial growth metabolism, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we have investigated the effect of moderate-strength SMFs on growth and vitamin K2 biosynthesis of Flavobacterium sp. m1-14. First, we designed a series of different moderate-strength magnetic field intensities (0, 50, 100, 150, 190 mT) and exposure times (0, 24, 48, 72, 120 h). With the optimization of static magnetic field intensity and exposure time, biomass and vitamin K2 production significantly increased compared to control. The maximum vitamin K2 concentration and biomass were achieved when exposed to 100 mT SMF for 48 h; compared with the control group, they increased by 71.3% and 86.8%, respectively. Interestingly, it was found that both the cell viability and morphology changed significantly after SMF treatment. Second, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) metabolism is more vigorous after exposed to 100 mT SMF. This change affects the cell energy metabolism and fermentation behavior, and may partially explain the changes in bacterial biomass and vitamin K2 production. The results show that moderate-strength SMFs may be a promising method to promote bacterial growth and secondary metabolite synthesis.