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1.
Jaana M. Sorjonen Vilma J. Lehtovaara Joni Immonen Maija Karhapää Anu Valtonen Heikki Roininen 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2020,168(6-7):460-471
The use of food industry by-products in insect feeds has gained increasing attention recently. However, the understanding of how well the economically valuable edible insect Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) can grow and develop with plant-based by-product feeds is currently lacking. It is important to determine the nutritional requirements, especially protein demand, of this species before developing artificial feeds for mass-rearing. We reared R. differens with four control diets and 12 plant-based by-product diets in which the major protein source came from food industry by-products, including potato-protein, barley mash, barley feed, turnip rape, a mix of broad bean and pea, and a mix of potato, carrot, and apple. We asked whether the performance (development time, survival, and weight), feed conversion, and fatty acid composition and content differed among diet treatments. Furthermore, the 12 experimental by-product diets were designed to reach six protein levels. We found that R. differens can be reared with various by-product diets, but development time, survival, and weight differed among diets. Barley feed, barley mash, and potato protein diets seem to be good options for rearing, and potato glycoalkaloids do not affect the performance of R. differens. Individuals fed on the various by-product diets also differed in their fatty acid composition and content. Increasing protein levels in diet up to 17% enhanced growth, development time, and survival, but no further enhancements were seen when fed diets with protein levels higher than this. The high protein levels decreased feed conversion rate. Our results can be valuable for designing feeds for insect mass-rearing technology. The use of food industry by-products in the diets for R. differens could increase the re-use of local resources and enhance circular economy. 相似文献
2.
Ivain Martinossi-Allibert Johanna Liljestrand Rönn Elina Immonen 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2020,74(12):2714-2724
Competition for limiting resources and stress can magnify variance in fitness and therefore selection. But even in a common environment, the strength of selection can differ across the sexes, as their fitness is often limited by different factors. Indeed, most taxa show stronger selection in males, a bias often ascribed to intense competition for access to mating partners. This sex bias could reverberate on many aspects of evolution, from speed of adaptation to genome evolution. It is unclear, however, whether stronger opportunity for selection in males is a pattern robust to sex-specific stress or resource limitation. We test this in the model species Callosobruchus maculatus by comparing female and male opportunity for selection (i) with and without limitation of quality oviposition sites, and (ii) under delayed age at oviposition. Decreasing the abundance of the resource key to females or increasing their reproductive age was challenging, as shown by a reduction in mean fitness, but opportunity for selection remained stronger in males across all treatments, and even more so when oviposition sites were limiting. This suggests that males remain the more variable sex independent of context, and that the opportunity for selection through males is indirectly affected by female-specific resource limitation. 相似文献
3.
Elske T. Massolt Grigoris Effraimidis Tim I. M. Korevaar Wilmar M. Wiersinga W. Edward Visser Robin P. Peeters Hemmo A. Drexhage 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
BackgroundSubjects at risk for major mood disorders have a higher risk to develop autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and vice-versa, implying a shared pathogenesis. In mood disorder patients, an abnormal profile of hematopoietic/neuronal growth factors is observed, suggesting that growth/differentiation abnormalities of these cell lineages may predispose to mood disorders. The first objective of our study was to investigate whether an aberrant profile of these hematopoietic/neuronal growth factors is also detectable in subjects at risk for AITD. A second objective was to study the inter relationship of these factors with previously determined and published growth factors/cytokines in the same subjects.MethodsWe studied 64 TPO-Ab-negative females with at least 1 first- or second-degree relative with AITD, 32 of whom did and 32 who did not seroconvert to TPO-Ab positivity in 5-year follow-up. Subjects were compared with 32 healthy controls (HCs). We measured serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Stem Cell Factor (SCF), Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP-2), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and IL-7 at baseline.ResultsBDNF was significantly lower (8.2 vs 18.9 ng/ml, P<0.001), while EGF (506.9 vs 307.6 pg/ml, P = 0.003) and IGFBP-2 (388.3 vs 188.5 ng/ml, P = 0.028) were significantly higher in relatives than in HCs. Relatives who seroconverted in the next 5 years had significantly higher levels of SCF than non-seroconverters (26.5 vs 16.7 pg/ml, P = 0.017). In a cluster analysis with the previously published growth factors/cytokines SCF clustered together with IL-1β, IL-6 and CCL-3, of which high levels also preceded seroconversion.ConclusionRelatives of AITD patients show aberrant serum levels of 4 hematopoietic/neuronal growth factors similar to the aberrancies found in mood disorder patients, suggesting that shared growth and differentiation defects in both the hematopoietic and neuronal system may underlie thyroid autoimmunity and mood disorders. A distinct pattern of four inter correlating immune factors in the relatives preceded TPO-Ab seroconversion in the next 5 years. 相似文献
4.
VCP/p97 cooperates with YOD1, UBXD1 and PLAA to drive clearance of ruptured lysosomes by autophagy
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Chrisovalantis Papadopoulos Philipp Kirchner Monika Bug Daniel Grum Lisa Koerver Nina Schulze Robert Poehler Alina Dressler Sven Fengler Khalid Arhzaouy Vanda Lux Michael Ehrmann Conrad C Weihl Hemmo Meyer 《The EMBO journal》2017,36(2):135-150
Rupture of endosomes and lysosomes is a major cellular stress condition leading to cell death and degeneration. Here, we identified an essential role for the ubiquitin‐directed AAA‐ATPase, p97, in the clearance of damaged lysosomes by autophagy. Upon damage, p97 translocates to lysosomes and there cooperates with a distinct set of cofactors including UBXD1, PLAA, and the deubiquitinating enzyme YOD1, which we term ELDR components for Endo‐Lysosomal Damage Response. Together, they act downstream of K63‐linked ubiquitination and p62 recruitment, and selectively remove K48‐linked ubiquitin conjugates from a subpopulation of damaged lysosomes to promote autophagosome formation. Lysosomal clearance is also compromised in MEFs harboring a p97 mutation that causes inclusion body myopathy and neurodegeneration, and damaged lysosomes accumulate in affected patient tissue carrying the mutation. Moreover, we show that p97 helps clear late endosomes/lysosomes ruptured by endocytosed tau fibrils. Thus, our data reveal an important mechanism of how p97 maintains lysosomal homeostasis, and implicate the pathway as a modulator of degenerative diseases. 相似文献
5.
Ziegler T Matikainen S Rönkkö E Osterlund P Sillanpää M Sirén J Fagerlund R Immonen M Melén K Julkunen I 《Journal of virology》2005,79(21):13800-13805
Activation of host innate immune responses was studied in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCV)-infected human A549 lung epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). In all cell types, SCV-specific subgenomic mRNAs were seen, whereas no expression of SCV proteins was found. No induction of cytokine genes (alpha interferon [IFN-alpha], IFN-beta, interleukin-28A/B [IL-28A/B], IL-29, tumor necrosis factor alpha, CCL5, or CXCL10) or IFN-alpha/beta-induced MxA gene was seen in SCV-infected A549 cells, macrophages, or DCs. SCV also failed to induce DC maturation (CD86 expression) or enhance major histocompatibility complex class II expression. Our data strongly suggest that SCV fails to activate host cell cytokine gene expression in human macrophages and DCs. 相似文献
6.
Meyer HH 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2005,1744(3):481-492
The Golgi apparatus in animal cells breaks down at the onset of mitosis and is later rebuilt in the two daughter cells. Two AAA ATPases, NSF and p97/VCP, have been implicated in regulating membrane fusion steps that lead to regrowth of Golgi cisternae from mitotic fragments. NSF dissociates complexes of SNARE proteins, thereby reactivating them to mediate membrane fusion. However, NSF has a second function in regulating SNARE pairing together with the ubiquitin-like protein GATE-16. p97/VCP, on the other hand, is involved in a cycle of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of an unknown target that governs Golgi membrane dynamics. Here, these findings are reviewed and discussed in the context of the increasingly evident role of ubiquitin in membrane traffic processes. 相似文献
7.
Plexins are the receptors for semaphorins, a large family of axon guidance cues. Accordingly, the role of plexins in the development of the nervous system was the first to be acknowledged. However, the expression of plexins is not restricted to neuronal cells, and recent research has been increasingly focused on the roles of plexin-semaphorin signalling outside of the nervous system. During embryogenesis, plexins regulate the development of many organs, including the cardiovascular system, skeleton and kidney. They have also been shown to be involved in immune system functions and tumour progression. Analyses of the plexin signalling in different tissues and cell types have provided new insight to the versatility of plexin interactions with semaphorins and other cell-surface receptors. In this review we try to summarise the current understanding of the roles of plexins in non-neural development and immunity. 相似文献
8.
Huumonen K Immonen HK Baverstock K Hiltunen M Korkalainen M Lahtinen T Parviainen J Viluksela M Wong G Naarala J Juutilainen J 《Mutation research》2012,743(1-2):36-41
Currently, the cosmetics industry relies on the results of in vitro genotoxicity tests to assess the safety of chemicals. Although the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test for the detection of cells that have divided once is routinely used and currently accepted by regulatory agencies, it has some limitations. Reconstituted human epidermis (RHE) is widely used in safety assessments because its physiological properties resemble those of the skin, and because it allows testing of substances such as hydrophobic compounds. Thus, the micronucleus test is being adapted for application in RHE-reconstructed tissues. Here we investigated whether two different reconstructed epidermis models (EPI/001 from Straticell, and RHE/S/17 from Skinethic) are suitable for application of the micronucleus test. We found that acetone does not modify micronucleus frequency, cell viability, and model structure, compared with non-treated RHE. Treatment of the EPI/001 model with mitomycin C and vinblastine resulted in a dose-dependent increase of micronucleus frequency as well as a decrease of tissue viability and of binucleated cell rate, while no changes of the epidermal structure were observed. The number of binucleated cells obtained with the RHE/S/17 model was too small to permit micronucleus testing. These results indicate that the proliferative rate of the tissue used is a critical parameter in performing the micronucleus test on a 3D model. 相似文献
9.
Sex‐specific mitonuclear epistasis and the evolution of mitochondrial bioenergetics,ageing, and life history in seed beetles
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Mirko Đorđević Biljana Stojković Uroš Savković Elina Immonen Nikola Tucić Göran Arnqvist 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2017,71(2):274-288
The role of mitochondrial DNA for the evolution of life‐history traits remains debated. We examined mitonuclear effects on the activity of the multisubunit complex of the electron transport chain (ETC) involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) across lines of the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus selected for a short (E) or a long (L) life for more than >160 generations. We constructed and phenotyped mitonuclear introgression lines, which allowed us to assess the independent effects of the evolutionary history of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome. The nuclear genome was responsible for the largest share of divergence seen in ageing. However, the mitochondrial genome also had sizeable effects, which were sex‐specific and expressed primarily as epistatic interactions with the nuclear genome. The effects of mitonuclear disruption were largely consistent with mitonuclear coadaptation. Variation in ETC activity explained a large proportion of variance in ageing and life‐history traits and this multivariate relationship differed somewhat between the sexes. In conclusion, mitonuclear epistasis has played an important role in the laboratory evolution of ETC complex activity, ageing, and life histories and these are closely associated. The mitonuclear architecture of evolved differences in life‐history traits and mitochondrial bioenergetics was sex‐specific. 相似文献
10.
Wildenberg ME van Helden-Meeuwsen CG Drexhage HA Versnel MA 《Arthritis research & therapy》2008,10(3):R69-7