Arteriovenous malformation of the stomach

A patient with chronic anemia is presented who radiologically showed prominent rugae of the stomach. Angiography demonstrated an arteriovenous malformation with a large feeding artery and prominent draining veins.     

On a Gyrodactylus Species from Northern Sweden and the Subgeneric Position of G. hrabei Ergens, 1957 (Trematoda, Monogenea)

A Gyrodactylus species from northwestern Sweden is described. Because only one specimen of the species was found no specific name is given. The type of protonephridial system of the new species showed that it belongs to the subgenus G. ( Paranephrotus ). Because of the strong resemblance between the new species and G. hrabei Ergens these two species are placed in a new species group: the G. hrabei-group. The Eurasian fresh water fauna seems to have very few representatives belonging to G. ( Paranephrotus ) and because of this the above find is of special interest.     

Prostate tumor-initiating cells: A new target for telomerase inhibition therapy?

Conventional therapies for prostate cancer, especially in its androgen-independent form, may result in the survival of small populations of resistant cells with tumor-initiating potential. These “cancer stem cells” are believed to be responsible for cancer relapse, and therapeutic strategies targeting these cells are of great importance. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme responsible for telomere elongation and is activated in the majority of malignancies, including prostate cancer, but is absent in most normal cells. Putative tumor-initiating cells have significant levels of telomerase, indicating that they are an excellent target for telomerase inhibition therapy. In this review, we present some evidence for the hypothesis that conventional therapies (standard chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy) in combination with telomerase inhibitors may result in effective and more durable responses.