全文获取类型
收费全文 | 262篇 |
免费 | 21篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1937年 | 2篇 |
1935年 | 2篇 |
1911年 | 2篇 |
1905年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有283条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Chlorsulfuron, an inhibitor of acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18) (TB Ray 1984 Plant Physiol 75: 827-831), markedly inhibited the growth of Lemna minor at concentrations of 10−8 molar and above, but had no inhibitory effects on growth at 10−9 molar. At growth inhibitory concentrations, chlorsulfuron caused a pronounced increase in total free amino acid levels within 24 hours. Valine, leucine, and isoleucine, however, became smaller percentages of the total free amino acid pool as the concentration of chlorsulfuron was increased. At concentrations of chlorsulfuron of 10−8 molar and above, a new amino acid was accumulated in the free pool. This amino acid was identified as α-amino-n-butyrate by chemical ionization and electron impact gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of α-amino-n-butyrate increased from undetectable levels in untreated plants, to as high as 840 nanomoles per gram fresh weight (2.44% of the total free pool) in plants treated with 10−4 molar chlorsulfuron for 24 hours. The accumulation of this amino acid was completely inhibited by methionine sulfoximine. Chlorsulfuron did not inhibit the methionine sulfoximine induced accumulations of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, supporting the idea that the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids in methionine sulfoximine treated plants is the result of protein turnover rather than enhanced synthesis. Protein turnover may be primarily responsible for the failure to achieve complete depletion of valine, leucine, and isoleucine even at concentrations of chlorsulfuron some 104 times greater than that required to inhibit growth. Tracer studies with 15N demonstrate that chlorsulfuron inhibits the incorporation of 15N into valine, leucine, and isoleucine. The α-amino-n-butyrate accumulated in the presence of chlorsulfuron and [15N]H4+ was heavily labeled with 15N at early time points and appeared to be derived by transamination from a rapidly labeled amino acid such as glutamate or alanine. We propose that chlorsulfuron inhibition of acetolactate synthase may lead to accumulation of 2-oxobutyrate in the isoleucine branch of the pathway, and transamination of 2-oxobutyrate to α-amino-n-butyrate by a constitutive transaminase utilizing either glutamate or alanine as α-amino-N donors. 相似文献
2.
A 75ps molecular dynamics simulation has been performed on a fully solvated complex of spermine with the B DNA decamer (dGdC)5.(dGdC)5. The simulation indicates a possible mechanism by which polyamines might induce the formation of a left-handed helix, the B to Z transition. Spermine was initially located in the major groove, hydrogen bonded to the helix. During the simulation the ligand migrates deeper into the DNA, maintaining strong hydrogen bonding to the central guanine bases and destroying the Watson-Crick base pairing with their respective cytosines. Significant rotation of these and other cytosine bases was observed, in part due to interactions of the helix with the aminopropyl chains of spermine. An intermediate BII conformation might be of importance in this process. 相似文献
3.
Contraction of rabbit skinned skeletal muscle fibers at low levels of magnesium adenosine triphosphate 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Biophysical journal》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The contractile properties of skinned single fibers from rabbit psoas muscle were investigated under conditions of low MgATP and no Ca2+ (i.e., less than 10(-8) M). At 1 microM MgATP, fibers shortened at a maximum velocity of 660 +/- 420 A/half sarcomere/s (n = 9), compared with 34,000 A/half sarcomere/s measured during maximum Ca2+-activation at 1 mM MgATP (Moss, R. L., 1982. J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil ., 3:295-311). The observed dependence of Vmax on pMgATP between 7.0 and 5.3 was similar to that of actomyosin ATPase measured previously by Weber, A., R. Herz , and I. Reiss (1969, Biochemistry, 8:2266-2270). Isometric tension was found to vary with pMgATP in a manner much like that reported by Reuben , J. P., P. W. Brandt, M. Berman , and H. Grundfest (J. Gen. Physiol. 1971. 57:385-407). A simple cross-bridge model was developed to simulate contractile behaviour at both high and low levels of MgATP. It was found that the pMgATP dependence of Vmax and ATPase could be successfully modeled if the rate of detachment of the cross-bridge was made proportional to the concentration of MgATP. In the model, the similar dependence of Vmax and ATPase on pMgATP was derived from the fact that in this range of pMgATP every pass of a cross-bridge by an actin site resulted in an attachment-detachment cycle, and every such cycle caused hydrolysis of one molecule of ATP. 相似文献
4.
5.
The molecular basis for the two different clinical presentations of classical pyruvate carboxylase deficiency 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《American journal of human genetics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
B H Robinson J Oei W G Sherwood D Applegarth L Wong J Haworth P Goodyer R Casey L A Zaleski 《American journal of human genetics》1984,36(2):283-294
Eight cases of isolated human pyruvate carboxylase deficiency were examined from seven families. Although all patients presented with a chronic lacticacidemia, two particular patients presented with the added features of hyperammonemia, citrullinemia, and hyperlysinemia. When cultured skin fibroblasts from these patients were examined for their ability to synthesize [3H]biotin-containing proteins, it was found that the two patients who presented with hyperammonemia, citrullinemia, and hyperlysinemia did not synthesise a protein of the correct subunit molecular weight (Mr = 125 K daltons) corresponding to pyruvate carboxylase. In addition, when skin fibroblast proteins were labeled with [35S]methionine, cross-reacting material (CRM) corresponding to pyruvate carboxylase was immunoprecipitated by antipyruvate carboxylase antiserum in most patients, but again the two patients with the atypical presentation showed no CRM. We propose that the different clinical presentation of human pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is a manifestation of two different mutations in the pyruvate carboxylase gene, one that results in the synthesis of a relatively inactive pyruvate carboxylase protein CRM(+ve) and one that results in the lack of expression of the gene in the form of a recognizable protein CRM(-ve). 相似文献
6.
A study of the growth of normal and iodinated collagen fibrils in vitro using electron microscope autoradiography 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Electron microscopic autoradiographic observations on collagen fibrils grown in vitro allow growth rates in the N- and C-terminal directions to be measured on individual fibrils. Such observations, made on normal and iodinated collagen, show that normal fibrils grow at both ends (although rather more rapidly at the N-terminal end), whereas fully-iodinated collagen fibrils grow only at the N-terminal end. Measurements of growth rates at different temperatures provide estimates of the activation enthalpy (ΔH≠) and entropy (ΔS≠) of precipitation for the two types of collagen. Solubility measurements have also yielded values for the thermodynamic enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of precipitation. Results show that the activated (rate-limiting) state is characterized by a large positive ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ similar in magnitude to the ΔH and ΔS of transition from solution to fibril. It is also concluded that the different rates of precipitation of normal and iodinated collagen cannot be explained in terms of fibril formation requiring ionization of the tyrosine residues. 相似文献
7.
Alexander S. Haworth Samantha L. Hodges Alina L. Capatina Lori L. Isom Christoph G. Baumann William J. Brackenbury 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(8)
The voltage-gated Na+ channel β1 subunit, encoded by SCN1B, regulates cell surface expression and gating of α subunits and participates in cell adhesion. β1 is cleaved by α/β and γ-secretases, releasing an extracellular domain and intracellular domain (ICD), respectively. Abnormal SCN1B expression/function is linked to pathologies including epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, and cancer. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of secretase cleavage on β1 function in breast cancer cells. Using a series of GFP-tagged β1 constructs, we show that β1-GFP is mainly retained intracellularly, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum and endolysosomal pathway, and accumulates in the nucleus. Reduction in endosomal β1-GFP levels occurred following γ-secretase inhibition, implicating endosomes and/or the preceding plasma membrane as important sites for secretase processing. Using live-cell imaging, we also report β1ICD-GFP accumulation in the nucleus. Furthermore, β1-GFP and β1ICD-GFP both increased Na+ current, whereas β1STOP-GFP, which lacks the ICD, did not, thus highlighting that the β1-ICD is necessary and sufficient to increase Na+ current measured at the plasma membrane. Importantly, although the endogenous Na+ current expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells is tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant (carried by Nav1.5), the Na+ current increased by β1-GFP or β1ICD-GFP was TTX-sensitive. Finally, we found β1-GFP increased mRNA levels of the TTX-sensitive α subunits SCN1A/Nav1.1 and SCN9A/Nav1.7. Taken together, this work suggests that the β1-ICD is a critical regulator of α subunit function in cancer cells. Our data further highlight that γ-secretase may play a key role in regulating β1 function in breast cancer. 相似文献
8.
Based on the assumption that bone breaks where it is weakest, so that the fracture surface represents the weakest area locally, a fractographic study was made of a series of accidental and experimental fractures of human long bones. The architecture of the fracture surfaces as a whole, and of the local morphology of the fractured microstructure, was examined. This led to a classification of the fractographic features observed. Several quantitative characteristics of the experimental fracture surfaces were explored, including the number (no), volume fraction (po), and average cross-sectional area (Ao) of the osteons. These parameters were compared with the same data for cross-sections of the bone beneath the fracture surfaces. The results show a short-range fluctuation in the microstructural constitution of the diaphysis close to the fracture surface, with lower values of no, po and Ao at the fracture surface. 相似文献
9.
The Triassic–Jurassic boundary (Tr–J; ∼201 Ma) is marked by a doubling in the concentration of atmospheric CO2, rising temperatures, and ecosystem instability. This appears to have been driven by a major perturbation in the global carbon cycle due to massive volcanism in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. It is hypothesized that this volcanism also likely delivered sulphur dioxide (SO2) to the atmosphere. The role that SO2 may have played in leading to ecosystem instability at the time has not received much attention. To date, little direct evidence has been presented from the fossil record capable of implicating SO2 as a cause of plant extinctions at this time. In order to address this, we performed a physiognomic leaf analysis on well-preserved fossil leaves, including Ginkgoales, bennettites, and conifers from nine plant beds that span the Tr–J boundary at Astartekløft, East Greenland. The physiognomic responses of fossil taxa were compared to the leaf size and shape variations observed in nearest living equivalent taxa exposed to simulated palaeoatmospheric treatments in controlled environment chambers. The modern taxa showed a statistically significant increase in leaf roundness when fumigated with SO2. A similar increase in leaf roundness was also observed in the Tr–J fossil taxa immediately prior to a sudden decrease in their relative abundances at Astartekløft. This research reveals that increases in atmospheric SO2 can likely be traced in the fossil record by analyzing physiognomic changes in fossil leaves. A pattern of relative abundance decline following increased leaf roundness for all six fossil taxa investigated supports the hypothesis that SO2 had a significant role in Tr–J plant extinctions. This finding highlights that the role of SO2 in plant biodiversity declines across other major geological boundaries coinciding with global scale volcanism should be further explored using leaf physiognomy. 相似文献
10.