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1.
We have isolated the delta-globin gene of the New-World spider monkey,
Ateles geoffroyi, and compared its nucleotide sequence with those of other
primate delta- and beta-globin genes. Among primate delta-globin genes, the
rate of nonsynonymous substitutions is much less than the rate of
synonymous substitutions. This suggests that primate delta- globin genes
may remain under evolutionary conservation, perhaps because hemoglobin A2
has an as yet unknown physiological importance.
相似文献
2.
Ann E. Wakefield Sarah E. Peters Suneale Banerji Paul D. Bridge Geoffrey S. Hall David L. Hawksworth Lynden A. Guiver rew G. Allen Julian M. Hopkin 《Molecular microbiology》1992,6(14):1903-1911
Pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonia in T-lymphocyte-immunodeficient subjects in transplant and oncology units or with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recent DNA homology studies show P. carinii to be a fungus. To investigate the biology and epidemiology of this parasite further, we elected to determine for it a more precise taxonomic assignment within the fungal kingdom. We screened a wide range of organisms representing the major orders of fungi using DNA amplification and subsequently sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial gene encoding the large subunit ribosomal RNA. Our data show that the opportunistic pulmonary pathogen P. carinii is closely related to the ustomycetous red yeast fungi, a group which includes organisms that are extensively distributed throughout the environment and which release many widely dispersed airborne spores. 相似文献
3.
Biochemical pathways in prokaryotes can be traced backward through evolutionary time 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
For the first time, a credible prokaryotic phylogenetic tree is being
assembled by Woese and others using quantitative sequence analysis of
oligonucleotides in the highly conservative rRNA. This provides an
evolutionary scale against which the evolutionary steps that led to the
arrangement and regulation of contemporary biochemical pathways can be
measured. This paper presents an emerging evolutionary picture of aromatic
amino acid biosynthesis within a large superfamily assemblage of
prokaryotes that is sufficiently developed to illustrate a new perspective
that will be applicable to many other biochemical pathways.
相似文献
4.
Three remarkable new genera of conidial lichen-forming fungi, with pycnidial or acervular conidiomata are described and illustrated.Hastifera tenuispora gen. et spec. nov. from the South-Tyrol, Italy, is characterized by very long and narrow hyaline conidia produced in pycnidial conidiomata immersed in thalline warts.Lichingoldia gyalectiformis gen. et spec. nov. from rocks subject to inundation by freshwater in Norway has long sigmoidly curved conidia which appear to be adapted to dispersal in water.Woessia fusarioides gen. et spec. nov. from aQuercus stump in the Burgenland, Austria, has a finely granular thallus and disc-like conidiomata producing falcate conidia; this species is also of interest in that it hasChlorella as the photobiont. The recently described hyphomyceteCheiromycina flabelliformis
B. Sutton is reported from Austria for the first time, and is also lichenized. Recent collections ofNigropuncta rugulosa
D. Hawksw. from Austria and Italy also show that this species is lichenized rather than parasymbiotic. In all five cases the fungal hyphae of the conidiogenous structures are continuous with those in intimate contact with cells of the algal partners and the biological relationship appears to be mutualistic giving rise to stable crustose lichen thalli. 相似文献
5.
Arceuthobium in Mexico 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
6.
In Drosophila pseudoobscura, the amylase (Amy) multigene family is
contained within a series of inversions, or gene arrangements, on the third
chromosome. The Standard (ST), Santa Cruz (SC), and Tree Line (TL)
inversions are central to the phylogeny of arrangements, and have clusters
of other arrangements derived from them. The gene arrangements belonging to
each of these three clusters have a characteristic number of Amy genes,
ranging from three in ST to two in SC to one in TL. This distribution
pattern can reflect a history of either duplications or deletions, although
the data available in the past did not permit a decision between these
alternatives. We provide unambiguous evidence that three Amy genes were
present before the divergence of the ST, SC, and TL arrangements. Thus, the
current status of the Amy multigene family is the result of deletions in
the TL and SC arrangements, which created three new pseudogenes: TL
Amy2-psi, TL Amy3-psi, and SC Amy3- psi. Analysis of pseudogene sequences
revealed that, in the SC and ST arrangements, pseudogene evolution has been
retarded, most likely due to the homogenization effect of gene conversion.
Finally, by determining the original copy number, we have reconstructed the
evolutionary history of the Amy multigene family and linked it with the
evolution of the central gene arrangements.
相似文献
7.
The application of sensory methodology for measuring deodorizing effect of an air conditioner equipped with electric plasma was introduced. Deodorizing effect was measured using chemical and sensory methods at different time (0, 30 and 60 min) and mode (control, blowing and cooling) of an air conditioner. Smoke from a roll of cigarette in a closed room was used as a source of odor and the concentrations of acetic acid and ammonia were measured as odorous chemical components. As one of the sensory methods triangle test was used and as a first step to obtain deodorizing effects by triangle test, the threshold of each panelist was obtained as the log dilution ratio of odor concentration at which the difference from odorless air was detected. The odor concentration at each time and mode was calculated using the threshold of the panel and the deodorizing effect was obtained on the basis of the odor concentration. In addition to a triangle test, scaling methods such as category scaling or magnitude estimation were used to measure deodorizing effect of an air conditioner. Deodorizing effects by scaling methods were calculated based on odor intensity with time at each mode. The regression analysis was done between the efficacy of deodorizing effect by sensory test and those by acetic acid and ammonia, the R2 values of the regression equations for triangle test, category scale, and magnitude estimation were 0.84, 0.72 and 0.69, respectively. Deodorizing effect by triangle test explained the decrease of acetic acid and ammonia better than those by category scaling or magnitude estimation while high cost and time consuming labor involved in triangle tests reduced the merit. The results of this study demonstrated that various sensory methods could be used to measure deodorizing effect of air conditioners and further researches on fast and reliable methods are needed to establish the official procedures. 相似文献
8.
9.
Flavonoid compounds from 36 of the 38 known taxa of the genusArceuthobium (dwarf mistletoes) were examined. The flavonoid chemistry of the genus is rather uniform, all taxa producing 3-O-glycosides of the flavonols quercetin and myricetin. No infraspecific chemical variation was encountered, and in those instances where subspecific taxa are recognized, their chemistry was uniform. At the subgeneric level, members of subgenusArceuthobium synthesize primarily glucosides, whereas galactosides are more common in subgenusVaginata. In two of the four Old World species of subgenusArceuthobium (A. juniperi- procerae andA. oxycedri) only myricetin 3-O-glucoside was detected. There are no absolute flavonoid differences between subgenera, sections, or series. On the other hand, flavonoids are useful in several instances at the species level. In several cases, chemical data lend support to the recognition of species which in the past have been considered doubtfully distinct on the basis of morphology. 相似文献
10.