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1.
In studying inhibitors and activators of enzymes it has often been found that inhibitors act as activators when in very low concentrations and that certain activators (in suitable concentrations) show inhibition. Similar results were obtained in the present work in studying urease from soya bean in the presence of lead acetate. Lead acetate is normally an inhibitor of urease. It was found, however, that in small concentrations of lead acetate increase in the activity of urease occurs. On prolonging the time of the reaction inhibition develops and still later increased enzymatic activity again occurs. The results were elaborated statistically and are discussed in relation to the use of “adaptation” of urease in unfavourable conditions in reaction mixtures by the action of lead acetate. 相似文献
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Recovery of nitrogen fertilizer by traditional and improved rice cultivars in the Bhutan Highlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bhim Bahadur Ghaley Henning Høgh-Jensen Jørgen Lindskrog Christiansen 《Plant and Soil》2010,332(1-2):233-246
The recovery of soil derived nitrogen (NDFS) and fertilizer N (NDFF) was investigated in highland rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in Bhutan, characterized by high inputs of farmyard manure (FYM). The effect of 60 kg N ha?1 (60 N) applied in two splits to a traditional and an improved cultivar, popular among the farmers, was investigated using the 15N isotope dilution technique. No differences were found between cultivars with respect to the uptake of NDFS and NDFF, but the improved cultivar yielded 27% more (P?≤?0.05) grain compared with the traditional cultivar. This was largely due to its greater harvest index (HI). The mean percentage recovery of fertilizer N (REN) applied at 45 days after transplanting (DAT) was 34% compared to 22% at 7 DAT, resulting in 56% greater uptake of NDFF at 45 DAT. The overall REN for both the improved and the traditional cultivars were 25.7% and 30% respectively, with no difference between cultivars, but REN decreased with increasing FYM inputs. Fertilizer N recommendations that allow for previous FYM inputs combined with applications timed to coincide with maximum crop demand (45 DAT), and the use of improved cultivars, could enhance N fertilizer recoveries (REN) and increase rice yields in the Bhutan Highlands. 相似文献
4.
Martin J. MacInnis Eric A. Carter Michael G. Freeman Bidur Prasad Pandit Ashmita Siwakoti Ankita Subedi Utsav Timalsina Nadia Widmer Ghan Bahadur Thapa Michael S. Koehle Jim L. Rupert 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Background
Each year, thousands of pilgrims travel to the Janai Purnima festival in Gosainkunda, Nepal (4380 m), ascending rapidly and often without the aid of pharmaceutical prophylaxis.Methods
During the 2012 Janai Purnima festival, 538 subjects were recruited in Dhunche (1950 m) before ascending to Gosainkunda. Through interviews, subjects provided demographic information, ratings of AMS symptoms (Lake Louise Scores; LLS), ascent profiles, and strategies for prophylaxis.Results
In the 491 subjects (91% follow-up rate) who were assessed upon arrival at Gosainkunda, the incidence of AMS was 34.0%. AMS was more common in females than in males (RR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.23, 2.00), and the AMS incidence was greater in subjects >35 years compared to subjects ≤35 years (RR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.95). There was a greater incidence of AMS in subjects who chose to use garlic as a prophylactic compared to those who did not (RR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.28). Although the LLS of brothers had a moderate correlation (intraclass correlation = 0.40, p = 0.023), sibling AMS status was a weak predictor of AMS.Conclusions
The incidence of AMS upon reaching 4380 m was 34% in a large population of Nepalese pilgrims. Sex, age, and ascent rate were significant factors in the development of AMS, and traditional Nepalese remedies were ineffective in the prevention of AMS. 相似文献5.
Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Heteroptera: Miridae), is a major sucking pest of tea in North East India along with other tea growing countries. In West Bengal, tea is cultivated in three sub-Himalayan regions, Terai (foothill plains western to river Teesta), the Dooars (foothill plains eastern to river Teesta) and the Darjeeling hill slopes. Most plantations, in these regions are managed conventionally i.e. by spraying different synthetic insecticides and a few by organic farming using different herbal and microbial insecticides. In conventional plantations, continuous application of insecticides may lead to the selection of more tolerant H. theivora populations making the pest difficult to control. So, there is a pressing need to know the biochemical variability in relation to the metabolic resistance in the pest populations and develop a population specific control strategy. Activity of three principal insecticide detoxifying enzymes in H. theivora populations were studied from three tea growing regions of North Bengal. Higher levels of activity of all the studied enzymes were found from conventional tea plantations. In male H. theivora, the activity of general esterases (GEs) was 6.6–11.2 and 10.5–11.4 fold higher, cytochrome P450 (CYPs) was 2.0–3.2 and 3.0–3.2 fold higher and glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) was 5.2–8.3 and 6.4–8.7 fold higher in Terai and the Dooars populations, respectively than organic populations from Darjeeling hill slopes. Similarly, in female H. theivora, activity of GEs was 6.2–10.3 and 8.3–9.6 folds higher, CYPs was 1.9–3.2 and 3.0–3.3 fold, and GSTs was 3.5–5.4 and 4.4–6.0 fold higher in Terai and the Dooars, respectively than the organic populations from Darjeeling hill slopes. The activities of all three enzymes were found to be significantly low in organic plantations from Darjeeling hill slopes. Esterase I–VI isozymes with higher level of expression were found in specimens from conventional tea plantations than organic populations of H. theivora from Darjeeling hill slopes in isozymes study. 相似文献
6.
The 26S proteasome is a multi‐catalytic ATP‐dependent protease complex that recognizes and cleaves damaged or misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. The 26S subunit consists of 20S core and 19S regulatory particles. 20S core particle consists of a stack of heptameric alpha and beta subunits. To elucidate the structure‐function relationship, we have dissected protein‐protein interfaces of 20S core particle and analyzed structural and physiochemical properties of intra‐alpha, intra‐beta, inter‐beta, and alpha‐beta interfaces. Furthermore, we have studied the evolutionary conservation of 20S core particle. We find the size of intra‐alpha interfaces is significantly larger and is more hydrophobic compared with other interfaces. Inter‐beta interfaces are well packed, more polar, and have higher salt‐bridge density than other interfaces. In proteasome assembly, residues in beta subunits are better conserved than alpha subunits, while multi‐interface residues are the most conserved. Among all the residues at the interfaces of both alpha and beta subunits, Gly is highly conserved. The largest size of intra‐alpha interfaces complies with the hypothesis that large interfaces form first during the 20S assembly. The tight packing of inter‐beta interfaces makes the core particle impenetrable from outer wall of the cylinder. Comparing the three domains, eukaryotes have large and well‐packed interfaces followed by archaea and bacteria. Our findings provide a structural basis of assembly of 20S core particle in all the three domains of life. 相似文献
7.
Isolation and characterization of the tobramycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces tenebrarius 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Kharel MK Basnet DB Lee HC Liou K Woo JS Kim BG Sohng JK 《FEMS microbiology letters》2004,230(2):185-190
The biosynthetic gene cluster for tobramycin, a 2-deoxystreptamine-containing aminoglycoside antibiotic, was isolated from Streptomyces tenebrarius ATCC 17920. A genomic library of S. tenebrarius was constructed, and a cosmid, pST51, was isolated by the probes based on the core regions of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) synthase, and L-glutamine:DOI aminotransferase and L-glutamine:scyllo-inosose aminotransferase. Sequencing of 33.9 kb revealed 24 open reading frames (ORFs) including putative tobramycin biosynthetic genes. We demonstrated that one of these ORFs, tbmA, encodes DOI synthase by in vitro enzyme assay of the purified protein. The catalytic residues of TbmA and dehydroquinate synthase were studied by homology modeling. The gene cluster found is likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of tobramycin. 相似文献
8.
The three chromosomal species of Mus terricolor display fixed variations in the short-arm heterochromatin of autosomes 1, 3, and 6. Some laboratory-generated hybrids among the chromosomal species show an unusual increase or decrease in the extent of whole-arm heterochromatin, instead of the expected heterozygosity for the heterochromatic short arms. The whole-arm increase/decrease tends to favor homozygosity for the presence or absence of the heterochromatic short arms. Interestingly, this increase/decrease conforms with the karyotypes of the parental chromosomal species. Although rapid karyotypic changes have been reported in other plant and animal hybrids, the situation observed in the M. terricolor hybrids is unique. The changes are stable and could be a product of the unusual chromosomal organization of recombinogenic telomeric sequences in this species complex. The altered karyological constitution is constant in both somatic and germ cells of each hybrid, suggesting that the changes occurred early in their development. The high frequency and nonrandom recurrence of similar changes in different hybrids seem to reflect a mechanism that might have been instrumental in the fixation of these chromosomal variations in a stable homozygous condition in natural populations. 相似文献
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10.
Sivakoti Ramana Ashis Kumar Biswas Amar Bahadur Singh Ajay Narendar Kumar Ahirwar Annangi Subba Rao 《International journal of phytoremediation》2015,17(4):363-368
The potential of an ornamental shrub Crown of thorns (Euphorbia milli) was evaluated for remediation of soil contaminated with Cr. The plant is one of the rare succulent ornamental shrubs with a slow to moderate growth rate and is capable of blooming almost year-round. The plant could tolerate well up to 75 mg of applied Cr and beyond that there was mortality of plants. Though the plant could not be classified as a hyperaccumulator, the plant was still very efficient in translocating Cr from roots to shoots as evident from the data on uptake and translocation efficiency values. The translocation efficiency of over 80% in our study demonstrates that a large proportion of Cr has been translocated to the harvestable biomass of the plant and therefore, this plant could be effectively recommended for the remediation of soils contaminated with low to medium level of contamination i.e., up to 50 mg/kg soil. 相似文献