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1.
This study investigates the long term economic impact of severe obstetric complications for women and their children in Burkina Faso, focusing on measures of food security, expenditures and related quality of life measures. It uses a hospital based cohort, first visited in 2004/2005 and followed up four years later. This cohort of 1014 women consisted of two main groups of comparison: 677 women who had an uncomplicated delivery and 337 women who experienced a severe obstetric complication which would have almost certainly caused death had they not received hospital care (labelled a “near miss” event). To analyze the impact of such near miss events as well as the possible interaction with the pregnancy outcome, we compared household and individual level indicators between women without a near miss event and women with a near miss event who either had a live birth, a perinatal death or an early pregnancy loss. We used propensity score matching to remove initial selection bias. Although we found limited effects for the whole group of near miss women, the results indicated negative impacts: a) for near miss women with a live birth, on child development and education, on relatively expensive food consumption and on women’s quality of life; b) for near miss women with perinatal death, on relatively expensive foods consumption and children’s education and c) for near miss women who had an early pregnancy loss, on overall food security. Our results showed that severe obstetric complications have long lasting consequences for different groups of women and their children and highlighted the need for carefully targeted interventions. 相似文献
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Sakhanokho Hamidou F. Babiker Ebrahiem M. Smith Barbara J. Drackett Patricia R. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2019,137(3):637-637
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - There were two errors in the original publication: The copyright holder was specified as Springer Nature B.V. The correct information is as follows:... 相似文献
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Jana Holubova Ondrej Stanek Attila Juhasz Illiassou Hamidou Soumana Peter Makovicky Peter Sebo 《PLoS pathogens》2022,18(4)
Pulmonary infections caused by Bordetella pertussis used to be the prime cause of infant mortality in the pre-vaccine era and mouse models of pertussis pneumonia served in characterization of B. pertussis virulence mechanisms. However, the biologically most relevant catarrhal disease stage and B. pertussis transmission has not been adequately reproduced in adult mice due to limited proliferation of the human-adapted pathogen on murine nasopharyngeal mucosa. We used immunodeficient C57BL/6J MyD88 KO mice to achieve B. pertussis proliferation to human-like high counts of 108 viable bacteria per nasal cavity to elicit rhinosinusitis accompanied by robust shedding and transmission of B. pertussis bacteria to adult co-housed MyD88 KO mice. Experiments with a comprehensive set of B. pertussis mutants revealed that pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin, the T3SS effector BteA/BopC and several other known virulence factors were dispensable for nasal cavity infection and B. pertussis transmission in the immunocompromised MyD88 KO mice. In contrast, mutants lacking the filamentous hemagglutinin (FhaB) or fimbriae (Fim) adhesins infected the nasal cavity poorly, shed at low levels and failed to productively infect co-housed MyD88 KO or C57BL/6J mice. FhaB and fimbriae thus appear to play a critical role in B. pertussis transmission. The here-described novel murine model of B. pertussis-induced nasal catarrh opens the way to genetic dissection of host mechanisms involved in B. pertussis shedding and to validation of key bacterial transmission factors that ought to be targeted by future pertussis vaccines. 相似文献
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Jamonneau V Ilboudo H Kaboré J Kaba D Koffi M Solano P Garcia A Courtin D Laveissière C Lingue K Büscher P Bucheton B 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2012,6(6):e1691
The final outcome of infection by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the main agent of sleeping sickness, has always been considered as invariably fatal. While scarce and old reports have mentioned cases of self-cure in untreated patients, these studies suffered from the lack of accurate diagnostic tools available at that time. Here, using the most specific and sensitive tools available to date, we report on a long-term follow-up (15 years) of a cohort of 50 human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) patients from the Ivory Coast among whom 11 refused treatment after their initial diagnosis. In 10 out of 11 subjects who continued to refuse treatment despite repeated visits, parasite clearance was observed using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of these subjects (7/10) also displayed decreasing serological responses, becoming progressively negative to trypanosome variable antigens (LiTat 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6). Hence, in addition to the "classic" lethal outcome of HAT, we show that alternative natural progressions of HAT may occur: progression to an apparently aparasitaemic and asymptomatic infection associated with strong long-lasting serological responses and progression to an apparently spontaneous resolution of infection (with negative results in parasitological tests and PCR) associated with a progressive drop in antibody titres as observed in treated cases. While this study does not precisely estimate the frequency of the alternative courses for this infection, it is noteworthy that in the field national control programs encounter a significant proportion of subjects displaying positive serologic test results but negative results in parasitological testing. These findings demonstrate that a number of these subjects display such infection courses. From our point of view, recognising that trypanotolerance exists in humans, as is now widely accepted for animals, is a major step forward for future research in the field of HAT. 相似文献
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Hamidou Maïga Roch K. Dabiré Tovi Lehmann Frédéric Tripet Abdoulaye Diabaté 《Journal of vector ecology》2012,37(2):289-297
Anopheles gambiae mates in flight. Males gather at stationary places at sunset and compete for incoming females. Factors that account for male mating success are not known but are critical for the future of any genetic control strategy. The current study explored variations in nutritional reserves (sugars, glycogen, lipids, and proteins) in wild‐caught swarming and resting males and evaluated the effect of body size and wing symmetry on male mating success. Our results showed that glycogen and sugar reserves are mobilized for flight. Males consume proportionally 5.9‐fold as much energy derived from sugars in swarming activities than when they are at rest. Mated males were on average bigger than unmated ones (P<0.0001). A strong correlation between the left and right wings in both mated and unmated males was found and additional analysis on fluctuating asymmetry did not show any indication of mated males being more symmetrical than unmated ones. The distribution of wing size of mated males was focused around a central value, suggesting that intermediate size of males is advantageous in the An. gambiae mating system. The results are discussed in the context of sexual selection. 相似文献
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Amadou Hamidou A Djibo S Elhaj Mahamane A Moussa A Findlow H Sidikou F Cisse R Garba A Borrow R Chanteau S Boisier P 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2006,8(8):2098-2104
We investigated the carriage of serogroup W135 meningococci and its relationship with protective immunity in Niamey. Between February and May 2003, three oropharyngeal swabs and two serum samples were each taken from 287 school children. Serogroup W135 isolates were obtained from 8.9% of children. Specific IgG > or = 2 microg/ml using ELISA or serum bactericidal assay (SBA) titre > or = 8 were supposed to represent the protective immunity to a serogroup. The proportion of children with serogroup W135-specific IgG > or = 2 microg/ml increased significantly during follow-up (13.9% to 19.1%), but not the proportion of those with SBA titre > or = 8 (10.1% to 11.6%). At the end of the follow-up, we observed a significant association between carriage of serogroup W135 strains and presumed protective immunity to this serogroup, using either ELISA or SBA. Among 240 children having an initial SBA titre < 8, 20 carried serogroup W135 strains at least once. In May, 25% of carriers had an SBA titre > or = 8, vs. 2.3% of non-carriers. For ELISA, 230 children had specific IgG < 2 microg/ml in February, with 22 having at least one swab positive for serogroup W135 meningococci later. In May, 45.5% of them had specific IgG > or = 2 microg/ml vs. 5.3% among non-carriers. 相似文献
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Thomson LM Traore H Yesilkaya H Doig C Steingrimsdottir H Garcia L Forbes KJ 《Journal of microbiological methods》2005,63(1):95-98
A single-step, 5-min lysis method was investigated as a rapid technique to extract genomic DNA from mycobacteria for PCR detection of M. tuberculosis directly from clinical specimens. Of 67 smear-positive clinical specimens, 64 (95.5%) were positive by PCR after this rapid extraction method. 相似文献
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This article examines mean-field games for marriage. The results support the argument that optimizing the long-term well-being through effort and social feeling state distribution (mean-field) will help to stabilize marriage. However, if the cost of effort is very high, the couple fluctuates in a bad feeling state or the marriage breaks down. We then examine the influence of society on a couple using mean-field sentimental games. We show that, in mean-field equilibrium, the optimal effort is always higher than the one-shot optimal effort. We illustrate numerically the influence of the couple’s network on their feeling states and their well-being. 相似文献
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Emilie Dama Sylvie Cornelie Mamadou Camara Martin Bienvenu Somda Anne Poinsignon Hamidou Ilboudo Emmanuel Elanga Ndille Vincent Jamonneau Philippe Solano Franck Remoue Zakaria Bengaly Adrien Marie Gaston Belem Bruno Bucheton 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(9)