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Platinum-based anti-cancer agents have been used for many years to treat many different types of cancer. However, the efficacy of these drugs is limited by serious side effects. One of the strategies to reduce the side effects is encapsulation of the drug in a lipid formulation. Recently, we discovered a novel method for the efficient encapsulation of cisplatin in a lipid formulation. The method is unique in that it does not generate conventional liposomes but nanocapsules: small aggregates of solid cisplatin covered by a lipid bilayer. Also carboplatin, a cisplatin-derived anti-cancer drug with different chemical properties, can be efficiently encapsulated by a similar method. The encapsulation in nanocapsules dramatically improves the in vitro cytotoxicity of the platinum drugs. Our results hold the promise that the nanocapsule technology could prove successful in the efficient encapsulation of many other (platinum-based) drugs, and thereby improve their therapeutic index and profile in vivo. 相似文献
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Irene HL Hamelers Richard FMA van Schaik John S Sussenbach Paul H Steenbergh 《Cancer cell international》2003,3(1):10
Background
Human MCF-7 cells have been studied extensively as a model for breast cancer cell growth. Many reports have established that serum-starved MCF-7 cells can be induced to proliferate upon the sole addition of 17β-estradiol (E2). However, the extent of the mitogenic response to E2 varies in different MCF-7 strains and may even be absent. In this study we compared the E2-sensitivity of three MCF-7 laboratory strains. 相似文献4.
Currently available models describing microbial fuel cell (MFC) polarization curves, do not describe the effect of the presence of toxic components. A bioelectrochemical model combined with enzyme inhibition kinetics, that describes the polarization curve of an MFC-based biosensor, was modified to describe four types of toxicity. To get a stable and sensitive sensor, the overpotential has to be controlled. Simulations with the four modified models were performed to predict the overpotential that gives the most sensitive sensor. These simulations were based on data and parameter values from experimental results under non-toxic conditions. Given the parameter values from experimental results, controlling the overpotential at 250 mV leads to a sensor that is most sensitive to components that influence the whole bacterial metabolism or that influence the substrate affinity constant (Km). Controlling the overpotential at 105 mV is the most sensitive setting for components influencing the ratio of biochemical over electrochemical reaction rate constants (K1), while an overpotential of 76 mV gives the most sensitive setting for components that influence the ratio of the forward over backward biochemical rate constants (K2). The sensitivity of the biosensor was also analyzed for robustness against changes in the model parameters other than toxicity. As an example, the tradeoff between sensitivity and robustness for the model describing changes on K1 (IK1) is presented. The biosensor is sensitive for toxic components and robust for changes in model parameter K2 when overpotential is controlled between 118 and 140 mV under the simulated conditions. 相似文献
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We wanted to assess whether B-cell and/or T-cell responses to collagen and thereby the course of collagen-induced arthritis
could be suppressed by regulatory mechanisms associated with oral tolerance to an unrelated protein. DBA/1 mice were fed ovalbumin
(OVA)-containing pellets ad libitum for 1 week and subsequently coimmunized twice, with a mixture of bovine collagen type
II (BCII) and OVA in Freund's complete adjuvant. Mice fed OVA before coimmunization with BCII and OVA had significantly lower
arthritic scores than mice immunized with BCII only. Their body weight increased during the study period and their anti-BCII
antibody activity was significantly IgG2a lower. The frequency of spleen cells producing IgG anti-BCII antibody was also reduced. Coimmunization per se slightly ameliorated
the development of arthritis, resulting in an early, transient reduction. It resulted in significantly higher IgG1 anti-BCII antibody activity and increased splenocyte secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10 in response to BCII. Our findings demonstrate
that OVA-specific regulatory events induced by feeding OVA, i.e. bystander suppression, reduced the severity of arthritis
in animals immunized with BCII and OVA. Anti-BCII specific antibody responses and cytokine secretion by types 1 and 2 T helper
cells were also decreased. 相似文献
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B30.2-like domain proteins: update and new insights into a rapidly expanding family of proteins 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Henry J; Mather IH; McDermott MF; Pontarotti P 《Molecular biology and evolution》1998,15(12):1696-1705
The B30.2 domain is a conserved region of around 170 amino acids associated
with several different protein domains, including the immunoglobulin folds
of butyrophilin and the RING finger domain of ret finger protein. We
recently reported several novel members of this family as well as
previously undescribed protein families possessing the B30.2 domain. Many
proteins have subsequently been found to possess this domain, including
pyrin/marenostrin and the midline 1 (MID1) protein. Mutations in the B30.2
domain of pyrin/marenostrin are implicated in familial Mediterranean fever,
and partial loss of the B30.2 domain of MID1 is responsible for Opitz G/BBB
syndrome, characterized by developmental midline defects. In this study, we
scrutinized the available sequence data bases for the identification of
novel B30.2 domain proteins using highly sensitive database-searching
tools. In addition, we discuss the chromosomal localization of genes in the
B30.2 family, since the encoded proteins are likely to be involved in other
forms of periodic fever, autoimmune, and genetic diseases.
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