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1.
H. Mussauer V.L. Sukhorukov A. Haase U. Zimmermann 《The Journal of membrane biology》1999,170(2):121-133
The interaction of human red blood cells (RBCs) with diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) or its Gd-complex (Magnevist,
a widely used clinical magnetic resonance contrast agent containing free DTPA ligands) led to the following, obviously interrelated
phenomena. (i) Both compounds protected erythrocytes against electrohemolysis in isotonic solutions caused by a high-intensity
DC electric field pulse. (ii) The inhibition of electrohemolysis was observed only when cells were electropulsed in low-conductivity
solutions. (iii) The uptake of Gd-DTPA by electropulsed RBCs was relatively low. (iv) (Gd-) DTPA reduced markedly deformability
of erythrocytes, as revealed by the electrodeformation experiments using high-frequency electric fields. Taken together, the
results indicate that (Gd-) DTPA produce stiffer erythrocytes that are more resistant to electric field exposure. The observed
effects of the chelating agents on the mechanical properties and the electropermeabilization of RBCs must have an origin in
molecular changes of the bilayer or membrane-coupled cytoskeleton, which, in turn, appear to result from an alteration of
the ionic equilibrium (e.g., Ca2+ sequestration) in the vicinity of the cell membrane.
Received: 19 January 1999/Revised: 1 April 1999 相似文献
2.
3.
The vegetation of seasonally flooded savannas iin the tropical lowland of the Departamento La Paz, northern Bolivia, was studied. A first collection of vascular plants in this area includes about 600 species, at least three of which are new to the Bolivian flora and four are new to science. The eight major vegetation types distinguished within the savannas are dry bunchgrass savanna (“altura”), seasonally flooded bunch-grass community (“sartenejal”), palm swamp (“palmar”), two types of river floodplains (”bajíos”), a tall shrub community (“chaparral”), the vegetation of termite mounds, and gallery forest. The study area is among the least known in Bolivia. There is a strong need for further studies of these savannas. 相似文献
4.
Uwe Scheuring Klaus Kollewe Winfried Haase Dieter Schubert 《The Journal of membrane biology》1986,90(2):123-135
Summary The anion transport protein of the human erythrocyte membrane, band 3, was solubilized and purified in solutions of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. It was incorporated into spherical lipid bilayers by the following procedure: (1) Dry phosphatidylcholine was suspended in the protein solution. Octylglucopyranoside was added until the milky suspension became clear. (2) The sample was dialyzed overnight against detergentfree buffer. (3) Residual Triton X-100 was removed from the opalescent vesicle suspension by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and subsequent dialysis. Sulfate efflux from the vesicles was studied, under exchange conditions, using a filtration method. Three vesicle subpopulations could be distinguished by analyzing the time course of the efflux. One was nearly impermeable to sulfate, and efflux from another was due to leaks. The largest subpopulation, however, showed transport characteristics very similar to those of the anion transport system of the intact erythrocyte membrane: transport numbers (at 30°C) close to 20 sulfate molecules per band 3 and min, an activation energy of approx. 140 kJ/mol, a pH maximum at pH 6.2, saturation of the sulfate flux at sulfate concentrations around 100mm, inhibition of the flux by H2DIDS and flufenamate (approx.K
l-values at 30°C: 0.1 and 0.7 m, respectively), and right-side-out orientation of the transport protein (as judged from the inhibition of sulfate efflux by up to 98% by externally added H2DIDS). Thus, the system represents, for the first time, a reconstitution of all the major properties of the sulfate transport across the erythrocyte membrane. 相似文献
5.
Mengovirus-Induced Cytopathic Effect in L-Cells: Protective Effect of Interferon 总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3
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The effect of interferon on mengovirus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in L cells, the cut-off of host-cell protein synthesis, and production of mature virus were found to be dependent on the concentration of interferon. CPE and inhibition of host protein synthesis were not affected until the concentration of interferon was increased 100-fold over that required to reduce viral yields by 90%. 相似文献
6.
Zusammenfassung In beiden Lobi der Pars distalis photosensitiver Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii-Männchen bewirkt die photoperiodische Stimulation unter Langtagbedingungen das Auftreten von Acetylcholinesterase, die, solange die Vögel unter Kurztagbedingungen gehalten wurden, nicht oder nur in geringer Menge vorhanden war. Das Enzym ist auf PAS-positive Zellen beschränkt, doch nicht in allen von ihnen anzutreffen. Nach dem Erreichen eines Maximums zwischen Tag 31 und Tag 52 sinkt der AChE-Gehalt wieder und nähert sich nach 80 Tagen dem Ausgangsstadium. Der Parallelismus zwischen den Testesgewichten und der AChE-Aktivität läßt vermuten, daß die AChE-Zellen gonadotropes Hormon bilden.
Mit Unterstützung durch National Institutes of Health (Grant 5R01 NB 06187, Prof. Farner, Principal Investigator).
Institut für Haustierkunde der Universität Kiel (Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Wolf herre). 相似文献
Acetylcholinesterase in the Pars distalis of Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Aves)
Summary Photoperiodic stimulation of photosensitive male white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, causes the appearance of acetylcholinesterase activity in the cephalic and caudal lobes of the pars distalis. In photosensitive birds held on short daily photoperiods little or no activity can he demonstrated histochemically. The enzyme is restricted to PAS-positive cells. After attaining a maximum between 31 and 52 days after the beginning of photoperiodic stimulation (20 hours of light per day), AChE activity declines and after 80 days returns approximately to the initial level of short-day birds (eight hours of light per day). The correlation between the increase in weight of the testes and AChE activity, and other considerations, suggest that these AChE cells must produce gonadotropic hormones. Our observations are generally consistent with the results of the biochemical studies of Russell (1968) on the AChE activity in the pars distalis of the same species.
Mit Unterstützung durch National Institutes of Health (Grant 5R01 NB 06187, Prof. Farner, Principal Investigator).
Institut für Haustierkunde der Universität Kiel (Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Wolf herre). 相似文献
7.
Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were selected from a panel of MAbs for use in the direct DAS (double antibody sandwich)-ELISA. Two different test procedures were developed: an ELISA with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mixed ELISA) for the routine detection of CMV and a MAb-ELISA with two MAbs directed against different epitopes for the specific detection of the N serotype which is prevalent in GDR. The conventional two-step incubation of plates precoated with IgG was compared with simultaneous incubation of test sample and labelled antibody (one-step incubation). The mixed ELISA proved to be more sensitive than the direct DAS-ELISA with polyclonal antisera in detecting CMV in crude sap of infected plants. On the other hand, the MAb-ELISA could be used for serotyping of CMV isolates which is important in epidemiological investigations and in resistance breeding. Both the two-step and the one-step procedures gave similar results with some advantages of the latter procedure. One-step incubation is not only time-saving but seems to be also more sensitive with regard to the detection limit. However, care must be taken to circumvent the hook-effect occurring at high virus concentrations. 相似文献
8.
Microtubules are involved in the secretion of proteins at the apical cell surface of the polarized epithelial cell, Madin-Darby canine kidney 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Microtubule-disrupting drugs (nocodazole, colchicine) and cytochalasin D, which inhibits the polymerization of the actin microfilaments, were used to study the role of the cytoskeleton in protein secretion in the polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. Two proteins were analyzed. The gp 80 glycoprotein complex, which in untreated cells is sorted into the apical pathway and lysozyme, which is released randomly at both cell surfaces in transfected MDCK cells. Our results show that cytochalasin D has no influence on the transport of the gp 80 complex and lysozyme to either cell surface. However, in the presence of nocodazole or colchicine the secretion of both proteins at the apical cell surface is reduced by 50% with a concomitant increase in the basolateral release. These data suggest that microtubules are necessary for an efficient secretion of proteins at the apical cell surface of MDCK cells. In regard to the yet unresolved discrepancy concerning the involvement of microtubules in the transport of membrane proteins to the apical surface of MDCK cells, our results are consistent with the data of Rindler et al. (Rindler, M. J., Ivanov, I. E., and Sabatini, D. D. (1987) J. Cell. Biol. 104, 231-241) who observed a nonpolarized delivery of the influenza virus hemagglutinin in the presence of nocodazole or colchicine. 相似文献
9.
Rainer Haase 《植被学杂志》1990,1(3):345-352
Abstract. Direct gradient analysis (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) of northern Bolivian savanna vegetation revealed correlations between the composition of plant communities and physical and chemical soil properties. Cover/abundance values for 193 species from 27 sites were related to data on eight soil factors. A water-regime variable and the percentage of sand and silt were correlated with the first axis of the species-environment biplot and explained most of the variation in community composition. Along this axis, species and sites of flood-plain vegetation were separated from sites not affected by flooding rivers. The second axis of the biplot was correlated with soil-chemical variables, namely extract-able phosphate, base saturation, organic carbon, pH, and effective cation exchange capacity. Part of the variation in community composition can be explained by these soil nutrient variables. Grassland communities were separated from woody vegetation along the soil nutrient gradient, and floodplain communities of white-water rivers from those of clear-water rivers. The results of the gradient analysis indicate that the soil texture-moisture gradient is the prime factor determining the variation in the floristic composition of the savanna communities examined, and that, in addition, the soil nutrient gradient accounts for some of the variation. 相似文献
10.