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1.
The assay of the antibiotic nisin 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
HIRSCH A 《Journal of general microbiology》1950,4(1):70-83
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The Cl fluxes across the plasma membrane and the Clcontent of the acidresistant alga Dunaliella acidophila(optimal growthat pH 1.0, positive membrane potential) werestudied in the presence of 0.01300 mM Cl. Up to40 mM Cl in the medium, theinternal Cl concentrationis higher than that predicted by the electrochemical equilibrium,whereas at higher external Cl concentrations internalCl levels are lower than expected for the electrochemicalequilibrium. Growth in the absence of Cl is significantlylower than in the standard growth medium (2.2 mM Cl)and this reduction cannot be overcome by the addition ofothermonovalent anions such as Br or NO3 The latterimplies a specific Cl requirement in addition to therole of Cl as apermeant anion during ion translocations.Growth and photosynthesis tolerate an excess of Cl upto 300 mM (without stepwiseadaptation to increasing salinity).The uptake of Cl (measured by tracer techniques) exhibitsMichaelisMenten kinetics (KM = 0.75 mM Cl) andis stimulated by light and high H+ concentrations. Internalacidification by acetic acid causes an inhibition of Cluptake. The uptake of Cl is inhibited by the monovalentanions Br, I, and NO3 with K1, values notvery much different from the KM. value for Cl. The aniontransport inhibitors SITS and DIDS do not affect photosynthesis,but strongly suppressthe uptake of Cl. The Clchannel blockers A9C and NPPB cause inhibitionsof Cl uptake as well as of photosynthesis andthe ATPpool. FCCP strongly depresses the internal ATPpool withouta marked effect on Cl uptake. Cl efflux was inhibitedbyDIDS and SITS, but stimulated or inhibited by FCCP, dependingon the external Cl concentration. Results are in agreementwiththe hypothesis that Cl uptake into D. acidophila is dueto catalysed diffusion and is primarily independent of the hydrolysisofATP. Cl efflux is assumed to be coupled to an activepump. Data suggest tight cooperativity between the systemsresponsiblefor Cl uptake and Cl efflux, with thecytoplasmic pH and the membrane potential being important mediators. Key words: Acid resistance, chloride carrier, chloride channels, Dunaliella acidophila, membrane potential, plasma membrane 相似文献
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Bacterial genome segregation and cell division has been studied mostly in bacteria harbouring single circular chromosome and low-copy plasmids. Deinococcus radiodurans, a radiation-resistant bacterium, harbours multipartite genome system. Chromosome I encodes majority of the functions required for normal growth while other replicons encode mostly the proteins involved in secondary functions. Here, we report the characterization of putative P-loop ATPase (ParA2) encoded on chromosome II of D. radiodurans. Recombinant ParA2 was found to be a DNA-binding ATPase. E. coli cells expressing ParA2 showed cell division inhibition and mislocalization of FtsZ-YFP and those expressing ParA2-CFP showed multiple CFP foci formation on the nucleoid. Although, in trans expression of ParA2 failed to complement SlmA loss per se, it could induce unequal cell division in slmAminCDE double mutant. These results suggested that ParA2 is a nucleoid-binding protein, which could inhibits cell division in E. coli by affecting the correct localization of FtsZ and thereby cytokinesis. Helping slmAminCDE mutant to produce minicells, a phenotype associated with mutations in the ‘Min’ proteins, further indicated the possibility of ParA2 regulating cell division by bringing nucleoid compaction at the vicinity of septum growth. 相似文献
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Little is known about the effect of exercise training on the expression of adiponectin receptor genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In this study, we investigated the effects of aerobic training on the expression of AdipoR1 and AidpoR2 mRNAs in PBMCs, whole body insulin sensitivity, and circulating adiponectins in men. Thirty young men were randomly assigned to either a control (n=15) or an exercise (n=15) group. Subjects assigned to the exercise group underwent a 12-week jogging and/or running programme on a motor-driven treadmill at an intensity of 60%-75% of the age-based maximum heart rate with duration of 40 minutes per session and a frequency of 5 days per week. Two-way mixed ANOVA with repeated measures was used to test any significant time-by-group interaction effects for the measured variables at p=0.05. We found significant time-by-group interaction effects for waist circumference (p=0.001), VO2max (p<0.001), fasting insulin (p=0.016), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.010), area under the curve (AUC) for insulin response during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (p=0.002), high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin (p=0.016), and the PBMC mRNA levels of AdipoR1 (p<0.001) and AdipoR2 (p=0.001). The exercise group had significantly increased mRNA levels of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in PBMCs, along with increased whole body insulin sensitivity and HMW adiponectin, decreased waist circumference, and increased VO2max compared with the control group. In summary, the current findings suggest that exercise training modulates the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNAs in PBMCs, implying that manipulation of the expression of these genes could be a potential surrogate for lifestyle intervention-mediated improvements of whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. 相似文献
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R Moriggi Jr HS Di Mauro SC Dias JM Matos MB Urtado NF Camar?o IV Sousa Neto DC Nascimento RA Tibana CO Assump??o J Prestes CB Urtado 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2015,32(4):289-294
Low intensity resistance exercise (RE) with blood flow restriction (BFR) has gained attention in the literature due to the beneficial effects on functional and morphological variables, similar to those observed during traditional RE without BFR, while the effects of BFR on post-exercise hypotension remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the blood pressure (BP) response of trained normotensive individuals to RE with and without BFR. In this cross-over randomized trial, eight male subjects (23.8 ± 4 years, 74 ± 3 kg, 174 ± 4 cm) completed two exercise protocols: traditional RE (3 x 10 repetitions at 70% one-repetition maximum [1-RM]) and low intensity RE (3 x 15 repetitions at 20% 1-RM) with BFR. Blood pressure measurements were performed after 15 min of seated rest (0), immediately after and 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min and 60 min after the experimental sessions. Similar hypotensive effects for systolic BP (SBP) were observed for both protocols (P < 0.05) after exercise, with no differences between groups (P > 0.05) and no statistically significant difference for diastolic BP (P > 0.05). These results suggest that in normotensive trained individuals, both traditional RE and RE with BFR induce hypotension for SBP, which is important to prevent cardiovascular disturbances. 相似文献