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Akimasa SENO Takumi MARUHASHI Tomonori KAIFU Rikio YABE Noriyuki FUJIKADO Guangyu MA Tetsuro IKARASHI Shigeru KAKUTA Yoichiro IWAKURA 《Experimental Animals》2015,64(2):109-119
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor containing a
carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular portion and an immunoreceptor
tyrosine–based inhibitory motif, which transduces negative signals into cells, in its
cytoplasmic portion. Previously, we showed that Dcir–/– mice
spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases such as enthesitis and sialadenitis due to
excess expansion of dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting that DCIR is critically important
for the homeostasis of the immune system. In this report, we analyzed the role of DCIR in
the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune disease
model for multiple sclerosis. We found that EAE was exacerbated in
Dcir–/– mice associated with severe demyelination of the
spinal cords. The number of infiltrated CD11c+ DCs and CD4+ T cells
into spinal cords was increased in Dcir–/– mice. Recall
proliferative response of lymph node cells was higher in
Dcir–/– mice compared with wild-type mice. These
observations suggest that DCIR is an important negative regulator of the immune system,
and Dcir–/– mice should be useful for analyzing the roles of
DCIR in an array of autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
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Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) reduce secretion of extrafloral nectar in broad bean (Vicia faba)
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1. Herbivores sometimes suppress plant defences. This study tested whether the presence of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) on broad bean (Vicia faba) led to decreased secretion of extrafloral nectar (EFN) which functions as an indirect plant defence against herbivores. 2. To determine effects of aphid infestation on EFN secretion, a comparison was done between EFN secretion in uninfested plants and that in plants infested by A. pisum and another aphid species (Aphis craccivora Koch). 3. When broad bean plants were infested by A. pisum, they secreted significantly smaller amounts of EFN than did uninfested plants and A. craccivora‐infested plants. There was no significant difference in EFN secretion between uninfested plants and A. craccivora‐infested plants. The number of extrafloral nectaries did not differ among the three treatments. 4. These results suggest that A. pisum reduced EFN production in broad bean plants. 相似文献
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MASAKO TANAKA HARUKA ASAHINA NAOKO YAMADA MASAKO OSUMI AKIRA WADA KATSUTOSHI ISHIHARA 《Development, growth & differentiation》1987,29(5):469-478
The pattern and time course of cleavage during early development of the ovoviviparous pond snail, Sinotaia quadratus historica , in in vitro culture were investigated. The fertilized egg, 25–30 μm in diameter, underwent cleavage by repeated constriction and compaction as in blastocyst formation in mammalian embryos. The cleavage was slightly unequal and dextrally spiral, although a slight time lag in cleavages of blastomeres was observed after the 2nd cleavage. A small polar lobe was formed at the 1st cleavage, but not at the 2nd cleavage. Each cleavage proceeded very slowly under the experimental conditions, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cleavages taking 22 hr or more, 9 hr and 10 hr, respectively. The cleavage pattern in in vitro cultures observed by light microscopy was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. 相似文献
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