A new species of Galearis (Orchidinae: Orchidaceae) from Sichuan,China

A new species, Galearis huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Galearis cyclochila (Franch. & Sav.) Soó and Galearis diantha (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt, but differs in having a short spur, two elliptical lateral stigma lobes and distinctly separated bursicles. This new species is known only from the type locality, the Huanglong Valley, Songpan County, western Sichuan, China, growing amongst mosses under alpine shrubs at an elevation of about 3000 m. Based on two years of observations of its population size, the species was categorized as critically endangered CR (B1a, B2a) according to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. The micromorphology of pollinia and seeds was observed by scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of G. cyclochila and G. diantha. The results supported G. huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo as a new species. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 689–695.     

中国地下真菌新种和新记录(一)

本文报道了我国地下真菌3个新种和2个新记录,它们是:太原块菌Tuber taiyuanense Liu sp.nov.,苍岩山层腹菌Hymenogaster cangyan-shanensis Liu sp.nov.,山西须腹菌Rhizopogon shanxiensis Liu sp.nov.,棱孢层腹菌Hymenogaster fusisporus(Massee et Rodway)G.H.Cunningham以及小硬皮腹菌Sclerogaster minor Coker et Coudl。     

激光诱变选育AC10菜用大青豆的研究报告

采用有性杂交和激光红宝石辐照交替进行,经１０多年的研究、试验、选育出一个蛋白质含量、脂肪含量特高的菜用大青豆－ＡＣ１０。ＡＣ１０菜用大青豆,系早熟、适应性广、抗逆性强、耐迟播、产量高、效益好的品种。全生育期１１０天、８０－８５天采摘青毛豆、单产鲜毛豆７００公斤以上,老豆单产１６０公斤左右。据农业部谷物测试中心分析,蛋白质含量４８．３２％,脂肪含量２１．３６％,合计６９．６８％。查新结果表明,为国内     

中国寄生云杉的顶裂盘菌及其无性阶段

本文报道了寄生在云杉上的中国新记录种顶裂盘菌(Lophophacidium hyperboreumLagerb.);首次发现了这个种的无性型座壳梭孢属(Apostrasseria sp.),证实了融雪前病株针叶上有表生的菌丝和小菌核;查清了它是新疆云杉林中的广布种,引致云杉雪枯病;发现了新分布区,地理分布范围在75°—94°E,37°40′—49°N;发现了新寄主,多土的西伯利亚云杉(Picea obovata Ledeb.)和引进的青海云杉(P.crassifolia Kom.)、川西云杉(P.balfourianaRehd.et Wils.)。     

SRAP、ISSR技术的优化及在甘蓝类植物种子鉴别中的应用

将SRAP与ISSR 2种分子标记技术应用于8种甘蓝类植物（Brassica oleracea L.）的种子鉴别中。先以甘蓝（Brassica oleracea var. capitata）基因组DNA为模板,通过对SRAP、ISSR反应体系中各影响因素的逐一筛选,优化了甘蓝类植物SRAP、ISSR反应体系。进而采用30个SRAP引物组合和15个ISSR引物对白甘蓝、皱叶甘蓝、红甘蓝、羽衣甘蓝、花椰菜、青花菜、抱子甘蓝、球茎甘蓝的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增,结果表明：M3E5与M4E5两个SRAP引物组合可以在8种甘蓝类植物之间显示较高的多态性;844和888两个ISSR引物也可在8种甘蓝类植物之间产生很好的多态,特别是844引物单独应用即可区分所有材料。     

低温驯化对布氏田鼠小肠黏膜结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的影响

环境温度的变化影响野生啮齿动物的消化道形态与功能。小肠是吸收营养成分的主要部位,其结构和功能具有可塑性。为了解小肠黏膜的结构和功能对环境温度变化的响应机制,以布氏田鼠为研究对象,比较了低温组和常温组动物小肠黏膜的组织结构和小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的数目。结果显示：（1）低温组布氏田鼠的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度及绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值均高于对照组;（2）低温驯化使布氏田鼠小肠上皮内淋巴细胞的数量增加;（3）低温驯化使布氏田鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠的杯状细胞数量均显著增加。结果表明,在低温环境下布氏田鼠的小肠黏膜结构和免疫细胞的数量发生了可塑性变化,这可能与低温环境下的高能量需求和免疫功能的变化有关。     

Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate severe acute pancreatitis in rats via hemeoxygenase-1–mediated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects

Background and aims

It has been previously verified that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have a good therapeutic effect on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the potential for regeneration of damaged pancreatic tissue, but the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect of bone morrow MSCs (BMSCs) on SAP, probably by targeting heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

G蛋白偶联受体与G蛋白相互作用的最新研究进展

传统观念认为,在激动剂作用下,G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)能够激活G蛋白的α亚基,从而使Gα亚基与Gβγ亚基分离,被激活的Gα亚基通过信号转导进一步参与细胞的生理过程。但是,最新研究发现GPCRs和G蛋白存在多种偶联关系,GPCRs不仅能够激活Gα亚基,还可以与Gβγ亚基相互靠近,甚至会使G蛋白亚基构象发生重排而不分离,这对于疾病发病机制的研究及新的药物靶点的发现具有重要意义。就GPCRs与G蛋白之间的相互作用以及最新研究技术作一简要综述。     

Insulin-like growth factor 2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of rat adipose-derived stromal cells via IGF-1R and IR

BackgroundInsulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), an essential component of the stem cell niche, has been reported to modulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Previously, a continuous expression of IGF2 in tissues was reported to maintain the self-renewal ability of several types of stem cells. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression of IGF2 in adipose tissues and explored the effects of IGF2 on adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in vitro.MethodsThe expression pattern of IGF2 in rat adipose tissues was determined by gene expression and protein analyses. The effect of IGF2 on proliferation, stemness-related marker expression and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was systematically investigated. Furthermore, antagonists of IGF2-specific receptors—namely, BMS-754807 and picropodophyllin—were added to explore the underlying signal transduction mechanisms.ResultsIGF2 levels displayed a tendency to decrease with age in rat adipose tissues. After the addition of IGF2, isolated ADSCs displayed higher proliferation and expression of the stemness-related markers NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 and greater differentiation potential to adipocytes and osteoblasts. Additionally, both type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) participated in the IGF2-mediated promotion of stemness in ADSCs.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that IGF2 could enhance the stemness of rat ADSCs via IGF-1R and IR and may highlight an effective method for the expansion of ADSCs for clinical application.