Mapping and characterization of major QTL for spike traits in common wheat

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - The spike traits of wheat can directly affect yield. F2 and F2:3 lines derived from the cross of the multi-spikelet female 10-A and the uni-spikelet...     

黄连ISSR反应条件优化的研究

以黄连(味连,Coptis Chinensis Franch.)基因组DNA为模板,通过单因子、双因子实验研究了ISSR反应体系中主要成分（Mg²⁺、dNTP、引物、模板、Taq DNA聚合酶）以及热循环参数（退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间）对扩增结果的影响,并找出各自的最适条件,建立了适合黄连ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25μL反应体系中,内含1×PCR buffer、1.5mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺、200μmol·L^-1 dNTP、0.3 μmol·L^-1引物、40 ng模板、1 U TaqDNA聚合酶。扩增程序为94℃预变性5 min,然后进行35个循环：94℃变性30 s,（据不同引物的退火温度）复性1 min,72℃延伸1.5 min,循环结束后72℃延伸7 min,-4℃保存。这一优化系统的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行黄连鉴定及种质遗传多样性分析提供了一个标准化程序。     

海南、广西发现外来双钩巢粉虱

双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin是一种原产于南美洲,并首先记录于佛罗里达、夏威夷和香港等地的粉虱.本文记录了这种粉虱在海南、广西和广东的分布,提供了种类鉴别特征,各期的形态特征及生态图,并列出了目前已知的21科40种寄主植物,广东记录的庞达巢粉虱应是本种的错误鉴定.随着定居时间的推移,双钩巢粉虱的为害性有加重的趋势.     

中国新外来害虫——洋白蜡卷叶绵蚜

在北京的洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.上发现了一种卷叶绵蚜,小枝端部卷叶里的蚜群在植物生长季节均有发生,绵蚜的寄生造成卷叶,部分卷叶会枯黄,影响美观。这是一种我国新记录的外来种,为原产于北美的洋白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxinifolii(Riley,1879)。本文描述了该种绵蚜的鉴别特征,记录了其5种捕食性天敌(异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis,大草蛉Chrysopa pallens,黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteata,食虫齿爪盲蝽Deraeocoris punctulatus和斑楔齿爪盲蝽Deraeocoris ater)和3种访问的蚂蚁(日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus,丝光褐林蚁Formica fusca和黑褐草蚁Lasius niger)。     

Identification of novel α-gliadin genes

Ten novel α-gliadin genes (Gli-ta, Gli-turg1, Gli-turg2, Gli-turg3, Gli-turg4, Gli-turg5, Gli-turg6, Gli-cs1, Gli-cs2, and Gli-cs3) with unique characteristics were isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), among which Gli-cs1, Gli-cs2, Gli-cs3, and Gli-turg6 were pseudogenes. Gli-cs3 and nine other sequences were much larger and smaller, respectively, than the typical α-gliadins. This variation was caused by insertion or deletion of the unique domain I and a polyglutamine region, possibly the result of illegitimate recombination. Consequently, Gli-cs3 contained 10 cysteine residues, whereas there were 2 cysteine residues only in the other nine sequences. Gli-ta/Gli-ta-like α-gliadin genes are normally expressed during the development of seeds. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that in-vitro-expressed Gli-ta could form intermolecular disulphide bonds and could be chain extenders. A protein band similar in size to Gli-ta has been observed in seed extracts, and mass spectrometry results confirm that the band contains small molecular mass α-gliadins, which is a characteristic of the novel α-gliadins. Mass spectrometry results also indicated that the two cysteine residues of Gli-ta/Gli-ta-like proteins participated in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds in vivo.     

The evolution pattern of rDNA ITS in Avena and phylogenetic relationship of the Avena species (Poaceae: Aveneae)

Ribosomal ITS sequences are commonly used for phylogenetic reconstruction because they are included in rDNA repeats, and these repeats often undergo rapid concerted evolution within and between arrays. Therefore, the rDNA ITS copies appear to be virtually identical and can sometimes be treated as a single gene. In this paper we examined ITS polymorphism within and among 13 diploid (A and C genomes), seven tetraploid (AB, AC and CC genomes) and four hexaploid (ACD genome) to infer the extent and direction of concerted evolution, and to reveal the phylogenetic and genome relationship among species of Avena. A total of 170 clones of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fragment were sequenced to carry out haplotype and phylogenetic analysis. In addition, 111 Avena ITS sequences retrieved from GenBank were combined with 170 clones to construct a phylogeny and a network. We demonstrate the major divergence between the A and C genomes whereas the distinction among the A and B/D genomes was generally not possible. High affinity among the A(d) genome species A. damascena and the ACD genome species A. fatua was found, whereas the rest of the ACD genome hexaploids and the AACC tetraploids were highly affiliated with the A(l) genome diploid A. longiglumis. One of the AACC species A. murphyi showed the closest relationship with most of the hexaploid species. Both C(v) and C(p) genome species have been proposed as paternal donors of the C-genome carrying polyploids. Incomplete concerted evolution is responsible for the observed differences among different clones of a single Avena individual. The elimination of C-genome rRNA sequences and the resulting evolutionary inference of hexaploid species are discussed.     

A New Species of Epimedium from Sichuan

Epimedium ecalcaratum G. Y. Zhong is described as new from SichuanProvince, China.     

旋纹潜蛾的生物学及综合防治

旋纹潜蛾Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa)是苹果和梨上一种偶发性害虫。本文依据文献和我们的研究, 综述了旋纹潜蛾的分布与危害、 寄主植物、 形态、 习性、 天敌和防治技术。旋纹潜蛾在北京1年4代, 越冬代成虫在苹果花蕾露红期时开始羽化, 可持续1个多月, 盛期发生在苹果的花期。幼虫分为3个龄期, 其各龄的平均头壳宽度分别为0.23, 0.33和0.44 mm。2011年旋纹潜蛾在北京昌平王家园果园大发生。2011年春天在该果园用性诱剂引诱到大量的旋纹夜蛾成虫, 第1代的卵量很低, 且当年的种群数量一直很低, 可能的原因是越冬期的干旱影响了蛹的活力, 从而影响成虫的产卵量。在防治上, 以保护寄生蜂为主, 可人工清除越冬蛹, 大发生时在卵盛期用灭幼脲喷雾防治。本文还提供了该虫为害状、 成虫、 卵、 幼虫、 茧和部分天敌的彩色图片。     

蜜粉源植物对天敌昆虫的作用及其在生物防治中的应用

寄生性和捕食性天敌昆虫成虫普遍存在通过取食蜜粉源植物补充营养的行为,这可不同程度地促进天敌昆虫性成熟、延长其寿命、提高其生殖力或寄生率,以及搜寻寄主效率和子代雌性比率,从而显著提高天敌昆虫在生物防治中的控害能力和效果。蜜粉源植物花的结构及植物对天敌昆虫产生的嗅觉、视觉信号和花蜜花粉对天敌昆虫产生的味觉信号又显著影响天敌昆虫选择蜜粉源植物的行为和结果。但是,蜜粉源植物也可成为害虫的补充营养植物,从而提高害虫的为害能力。因此,需深入研究不同蜜粉源植物对天敌昆虫及害虫的作用,趋利避害,才可能应用蜜粉源植物成功调控天敌与害虫的益害比,实现害虫的可持续控制。