Structural Insight of a Trimodular Halophilic Cellulase with a Family 46 Carbohydrate-Binding Module

Cellulases are the key enzymes used in the biofuel industry. A typical cellulase contains a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) through a flexible linker. Here we report the structure of an atypical trimodular cellulase which harbors a catalytic domain, a CBM46 domain and a rigid CBM_X domain between them. The catalytic domain shows the features of GH5 family, while the CBM46 domain has a sandwich-like structure. The catalytic domain and the CBM46 domain form an extended substrate binding cleft, within which several tryptophan residues are well exposed. Mutagenesis assays indicate that these residues are essential for the enzymatic activities. Gel affinity electrophoresis shows that these tryptophan residues are involved in the polysaccharide substrate binding. Also, electrostatic potential analysis indicates that almost the entire solvent accessible surface of CelB is negatively charged, which is consistent with the halophilic nature of this enzyme.     

造纸用木聚糖酶的基因工程研究进展

木聚糖酶用于造纸行业可以显著改善纸浆的性能,减少纸张处理过程中有害化学试剂的使用,从而减轻环境污染,提高纸张品质,因此在造纸工业中具有广阔的应用前景。本文从造纸用碱性木聚糖酶基因的克隆、分子改造、高效表达及在造纸行业的应用研究等方面出发,对造纸用碱性木聚糖酶的研究现状进行综述,为开发造纸用木聚糖酶提供了思路。     

抑制小麦赤霉病生防芽胞杆菌的筛选与相关研究

芽胞杆菌因其具有广谱的抑菌活性,在农业生产上常用于防控植物病害。本研究比较了五种芽胞杆菌发酵上清液对禾谷镰刀菌PH-1的抑制作用,结果发现枯草芽胞杆菌SCK6基本没有抑制效果,地衣芽胞杆菌BSK3和多粘芽胞杆菌BSK4有较弱的抑制作用,解淀粉芽胞杆菌TZ01和贝莱斯芽胞杆菌SH06抑制效果明显,其中贝莱斯芽胞杆菌SH06的抑制作用最为显著。进一步从不同培养基、培养时间及渗透剂对SH06菌株发酵条件进行了优化,结果表明在TB培养基中培养24 h并加入0. 5%TritonX-100的渗透剂时,发酵上清对禾谷镰刀菌PH-1的抑制效果最佳。本文为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌作为一种新型生防菌剂奠定了良好的应用基础,不仅丰富了生物防治菌种的菌库,也为小麦赤霉病的防治提供了一种新的选择,对未来菌种联合防治提供了新的方向。     

Triple mutated antibody scFv2F3 with high GPx activity: insights from MD, docking, MDFE, and MM-PBSA simulation

By combining computational design and site-directed mutagenesis, we have engineered a new catalytic ability into the antibody scFv2F3 by installing a catalytic triad (Trp²⁹–Sec⁵²–Gln⁷²). The resulting abzyme, Se-scFv2F3, exhibits a high glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, approaching the native enzyme activity. Activity assays and a systematic computational study were performed to investigate the effect of successive replacement of residues at positions 29, 52, and 72. The results revealed that an active site Ser⁵²/Sec substitution is critical for the GPx activity of Se-scFv2F3. In addition, Phe²⁹/Trp–Val⁷²/Gln mutations enhance the reaction rate via functional cooperation with Sec⁵². Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the designed catalytic triad is very stable and the conformational flexibility caused by Tyr¹⁰¹ occurs mainly in the loop of complementarity determining region 3. The docking studies illustrated the importance of this loop that favors the conformational shift of Tyr⁵⁴, Asn⁵⁵, and Gly⁵⁶ to stabilize substrate binding. Molecular dynamics free energy and molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area calculations estimated the pK _a shifts of the catalytic residue and the binding free energies of docked complexes, suggesting that dipole–dipole interactions among Trp²⁹–Sec⁵²–Gln⁷² lead to the change of free energy that promotes the residual catalytic activity and the substrate-binding capacity. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data, which should help to clarify why Se-scFv2F3 exhibits high catalytic efficiency.     

Improved extracellular expression and high-cell-density fed-batch fermentation of chitosanase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus Fumigatus</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

Chitosanase (CSN) from Aspergillus fumigatus has good thermal stability, wide pH range duration, and effective hydrolysis for chitosan. Inhere, CSN was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli followed by extracellular secretion under the guidance of an N-terminal signal peptide PelB, which effectively prompted its secretion out of E. coli cells. To facilitate its later purification, N-terminal or C-terminal 6xHis epitope tag was added to the PelB-CSN protein complex. Our results indicated that PelB-CSN without 6xHis-tag (PelB-CSN) or with N-terminal 6xHis-tag (PelB-CSN-N) can both be effectively secreted into the medium, while CSN with 6xHis-tag anchored at C-terminus was expressed as inclusion bodies. Process optimization strategies were further developed to improve the secretion efficiency of recombinant PelB-CSN-N in E. coli. Under the induction of 10 g/L lactose in shake-flask culture, the extracellular activity of CSN reached 6015 U/mL at 25 °C in TB medium containing 1 % glycine. Moreover, a fed-batch fermentation strategy for high-cell-density cultivation was applied in a 5-L fermenter, increasing the extracellular CSN activity to 14,000 U/mL in 2-day fermentation with the optimal addition of lactose and glycine.     

一种来源于Phialophora attae的玉米赤霉烯酮内酯水解酶ZHD11F的酶学表征和结构特点

玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)是一种雌激素类真菌毒素,可以与动物的雌激素受体竞争性结合,导致动物生殖系统内的激素紊乱。ZEN内酯水解酶(ZEN lactone hydrolase,ZHD)可以水解ZEN中的内酯键,进而使其转化为无雌激素毒性的产物。【目的】利用生物信息学分析以及酶学性质探索,鉴定出一个具有新特性的ZEN内酯水解酶。【方法】构建pET28a-zhd11f表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达ZHD11F,利用Ni-NTA纯化得到ZHD11F,对其酶学性质进行分析,并通过结构模拟和分子动力学分析阐明ZHD11F低温活性的机制。【结果】ZHD11F以ZEN为底物,比酶活为40.04 U/mg,最适反应温度与pH值分别为35 °C和8.0,在pH 6.0–9.5的范围内具有超过60%的酶活力,在35 °C以下具有较好的热稳定性,能够耐受多种金属离子。ZHD11F在10 °C和20 °C时,其活性分别保持20%和40%。更多的loop区增加了结构的柔韧性是该酶稳定性较差、在低温活性比较高的主要原因。【结论】Phialophora attae是瓶霉属的一种真菌,目前此真菌来源的酶极少被鉴定。关于本研究将Phialophora attae来源的ZEN内酯水解酶ZHD11F,在大肠杆菌中成功可溶性表达并得到纯酶,表征分析显示该酶是目前报道的第一个低温ZEN内酯水解酶,为研究此类酶的耐冷机制、广温度范围提供了候选,同时拓展了Phialophora attae来源酶的功能研究。     

枯草芽孢杆菌SCK6超级感受态的制备和转化条件优化

枯草芽孢杆菌是一种革兰氏阳性好氧细菌,因其安全性和高分泌特性,已被广泛用作异源蛋白的表达宿主。然而,相比大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌的转化效率低,限制了其作为宿主的异源蛋白的定向进化。本文通过改变培养基、诱导剂浓度、质粒类型等参数优化感受态制备的条件,利用常规质粒进行转化,结果表明,用营养丰富的YN培养基替代常规LB培养基制备感受态,可以使转化效率提高4倍左右;加入1.5%的木糖诱导2 h,感受态的转化效率又提高2倍左右;用大肠杆菌Escherichia coli GM272来源的质粒又可进一步提高转化效率3倍左右。综合最优条件制备SCK6的感受态,转化整合型质粒pDG1730,效率可以达到10~6 CFU/μg,相对未优化的条件提高了2个数量级,为基于枯草芽孢杆菌的酶的定向进化和代谢工程奠定了基础。     

克拉维酸生产中废乙酸乙酯的紫外扫描评价方法及树脂处理

建立克拉维酸生产中废乙酸乙酯的快捷评价方法。采用紫外吸收扫描,以吸收面积作为评价指标,全面评价废乙酸乙酯中的杂质残留。选用不同的树脂吸附处理废乙酸乙酯。结果表明:废乙酸乙酯经FPA90Cl树脂吸附处理后,紫外吸收面积最小,仅有225.601±5.499,残留的杂质最少。经条件优化后,批处理量为60 m3废乙酸乙酯的树脂用于克拉维酸生产,产品质量与新乙酸乙酯生产的产品质量相近。使用树脂处理废乙酸乙酯可减轻乙酸乙酯蒸馏回收和环保的压力,降低生产成本,具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。