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Direct sequencing of the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) of shrews
(genus Sorex) for the region between the tRNA(Pro) and the conserved
sequence block-F revealed variable numbers of 79-bp tandem repeats. These
repeats were found in all 19 individuals sequenced, representing three
subspecies and one closely related species of the masked shrew group (Sorex
cinereus cinereus, S. c. miscix, S. c. acadicus, and S. haydeni) and an
outgroup, the pygmy shrew (S. hoyi). Each specimen also possessed an
adjacent 76-bp imperfect copy of the tandem repeats. One individual was
heteroplasmic for length variants consisting of five and seven copies of
the 79-bp tandem repeat. The sequence of the repeats is conducive to the
formation of secondary structure. A termination-associated sequence is
present in each of the repeats and in a unique sequence region 5' to the
tandem array as well. Mean genetic distance between the masked shrew taxa
and the pygmy shrew was calculated separately for the unique sequence
region, one of the tandem repeats, the imperfect repeat, and these three
regions combined. The unique sequence region evolved more rapidly than the
tandem repeats or the imperfect repeat. The small genetic distance between
pairs of tandem repeats within an individual is consistent with a model of
concerted evolution. Repeats are apparently duplicated and lost at a high
rate, which tends to homogenize the tandem array. The rate of D- loop
sequence divergence between the masked and pygmy shrews is estimated to be
15%-20%/Myr, the highest rate observed in D-loops of mammals. Rapid
sequence evolution in shrews may be due either to their high metabolic rate
and short generation time or to the presence of variable numbers of tandem
repeats.
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大鼠胼胝体内神经肽Y免疫反应阳性纤维的发育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验用免疫组织化学ABC法研究了大鼠胼胝体内神经肽Y免疫反应阳性(NPY-IR)纤维的生后发育。结果发现,许多NPY-IR纤维在大鼠出生时便存在于胼胝体内。NPY-IR胼胝体纤维的密度在生后1周内继续逐渐增高,在第2周内达到最高峰。之后,NPY-IR胼胝体纤维的密度逐渐下降,至第3周末时接近成年时的水平,即仅有少量NPY-IR纤维存在于胼胝体内。这些结果提示在大鼠早期生后发育过程中许多NPY-IR胼胝体纤维是暂时性的,其作用可能与大脑皮质的机能发育有关。 相似文献
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Alberto Cornejo Julio Caballero Mario Simirgiotis Vanessa Torres Luisa Snchez Nicols Díaz Marcela Guimaraes Marcos Hernndez Carlos Areche Sergio Alfaro Leonardo Caballero Francisco Melo 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2021,36(1):154
Parkinson''s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects adult people whose treatment is palliative. Thus, we decided to test three dammarane triterpenes 1, 1a, 1b, and we determined that 1 and 1a inhibit β-aggregation through thioflavine T rather than 1b. Since compound 1 was most active, we determined the interaction between α-synuclein and 1 at 50 µM (Kd) through microscale thermophoresis. Also, we observed differences in height and diameter of aggregates, and α-synuclein remains unfolded in the presence of 1. Also, aggregates treated with 1 do not provoke neurites'' retraction in N2a cells previously induced by retinoic acid. Finally, we studied the potential sites of interaction between 1 with α-synuclein fibrils using molecular modelling. Docking experiments suggest that 1 preferably interact with the site 2 of α-synuclein through hydrogen bonds with residues Y39 and T44. 相似文献
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Sergio A. Coelho-Souza Marcio R. Miranda Leonardo T. Salgado Ricardo Coutinho Jean R. D. Guimaraes 《Microbial ecology》2013,65(2):424-436
The ecological interaction between microorganisms and seaweeds depends on the production of secondary compounds that can influence microbial diversity in the water column and the composition of reef environments. We adapted the 3H-leucine incorporation technique to measure bacterial activity in biofilms associated with the blades of the macroalgae Sargassum spp. We evaluated (1) if the epiphytic bacteria on the blades were more active in detritus or in the biofilm, (2) substrate saturation and linearity of 3H-leucine incorporation, (3) the influence of specific metabolic inhibitors during 3H-leucine incorporation under the presence or absence of natural and artificial light, and (4) the efficiency of radiolabeled protein extraction. Scanning electron microscopy showed heterogeneous distribution of bacteria, diatoms, and polymeric extracellular secretions. Active bacteria were present in both biofilm and detritus on the blades. The highest 3H-leucine incorporation was obtained when incubating blades not colonized by macroepibionts. Incubations done under field conditions reported higher 3H-leucine incorporation than in the laboratory. Light quality and sampling manipulation seemed to be the main factors behind this difference. The use of specific metabolic inhibitors confirmed that bacteria are the main group incorporating 3H-leucine but their association with primary production suggested a symbiotic relationship between bacteria, diatoms, and the seaweed. 相似文献